None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
This study aims to evaluate whether involving pharmacists in patient education can improve health outcomes for people with both Type 2 diabetes and hypertension. In Pakistan, patients often receive limited information during brief doctor visits, leading to poor disease control. The study compares standard physician care with an intervention group that receives structured counseling from pharmacists on medication use, diet, and lifestyle changes. The researchers hypothesize that patients receiving this additional pharmacist-led education will achieve significantly better control of their blood sugar (HbA1c) and blood pressure compared to those receiving standard care alone. The findings are intended to support better chronic disease management strategies in the national healthcare system.
Interventions
Pharmacist-led educational intervention consisting of individualized counseling sessions on hypertension management, medication adherence, lifestyle modification, dietary guidance, and self-monitoring of blood pressure. Participants in the intervention group received structured education during clinic visits and follow-up reminders.
The intervention was delivered over a total duration of 12 months. Following baseline assessment, participants attended four scheduled follow-up sessions conducted a
Pharmacist-led educational intervention consisting of individualized counseling sessions on hypertension management, medication adherence, lifestyle modification, dietary guidance, and self-monitoring of blood pressure. Participants in the intervention group received structured education during clinic visits and follow-up reminders. The intervention was delivered over a total duration of 12 months. Following baseline assessment, participants attended four scheduled follow-up sessions conducted at intervals of approximately every 3–4 months. The intervention consisted of pharmacist-led educational counseling in addition to standard care. Counseling focused on improving patients’ understanding of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, potential complications (particularly cardiovascular complications), and treatment goals. Medication counseling included education on appropriate medication use, dosing schedules, insulin storage, and pharmacist-led medication reviews to identify potential drug–drug and drug–food interactions. Lifestyle modification counseling emphasized dietary changes, including sodium restriction, physical activity, and the importance of these behaviors in disease management. During follow-up visits, pharmacists monitored patient adherence and self-care behaviors. Medication reviews were conducted to ensure safety and effectiveness, and adherence to prescribed regimens was reinforced. Adherence to medications and lifestyle modifications was assessed using self-reported measures during scheduled visits. Although a structured counseling framework was used, the intervention was individualized through direct pharmacist–patient interaction. Counseling was tailored to address patient-specific barriers such as limited disease understanding, medication-related problems, or difficulties with dietary and exercise adherence. Individualized reinforcement occurred at baseline and at each follow-up visit to support sustained behavior change.
Sponsors
Lahore Pharmacy College, A project of Lahore Medical and Dental College (LMDC), Lahore Pakistan
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Parallel
Primary purpose
Treatment
Masking
Open (masking not used)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, receiving care at participating clinics. Patients with baseline HbA1c above target levels or uncontrolled blood pressure as per clinical records. Able to understand study instructions and willing to participate in follow-ups.
Exclusion criteria
Patients with type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, severe cognitive impairment, terminal illness, inability to attend follow-ups, or refusal to provide informed consent. Patients enrolled in another intervention study were also excluded.
Outcome results
None listed