Salivary extracellular vesicles cargo profile in wound healing in adults following alveolar ridge preservation or unassisted healing

Alveolar Ridge Preservation (ARP; Bio-Oss Collagen, and BioGide) post-tooth extraction -This observational study evaluates patients undergoing tooth extraction followed by Alveolar Ridge Preservation (ARP) using Bio-Oss Collagen (xenogeneic bone substitute) and Bio-Gide (resorbable collagen membrane) as part of routine clinical care. -The primary exposure is the surgical intervention of tooth extraction with ARP, and the condition observed is the biological response reflected by changes in salivary extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nano-sized vesicles involved in intercellular communication and may reflect local tissue healing, inflammation, and bone remodeling processes following ARP. -No experimental treatment is administered; all procedures are performed according to standard clinical indications. The following observational data will be collected: -Saliva samples collected at predefined time points (baseline, 1 w, 2w, 4 weeks and 16 weeks post-APR and 3- and 6-month post dental implant for APR group; baseline, 1 w, 2w, 4 and 8 weeks post-extraction and 3- and 6-month post dental implant for extraction group); for isolation and analysis of extracellular vesicles (e.g., EV concentration, size distribution, surface markers, and cargo such as proteins or nucleic acids). -Clinical data using periodontal charting for periodontal health obtained, including: Patient demographics (age, sex); all clinical parameters of periodontal health; Tooth extraction site and indication; ARP materials used (Bio-Oss Collagen and Bio-Gide); Relevant medical and dental history; Smoking status and oral hygiene status (if available) -Clinical healing parameters, such as soft tissue healing index, presence of complications and other relevant parameters, as routinely documented during follow-up visits. -No blood samples are collected. -4 months post-ARP and 2-month post-extraction groups, a core biopsy from the socket consisting both soft and bone (often a waste tissue discarded during routine surgery) by a 2.5mm diameter trephine bur will be collected from all groups for histological, immunochemistry, microCT, proteome, single RNA-sequencing, spatial transcriptome and other relevant assessments to assess bone anf soft tissue healing -Saliva collection will occur at multiple predefined time points, for example: ---ARP group: saliva samples will be collected at baseline (prior to tooth extraction), and at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 16 weeks post–alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), as well as at 3 months and 6 months following dental implant placement. ---Extraction-only group: saliva samples will be collected at baseline (prior to tooth extraction), and at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks post-extraction, as well as at 3 months and 6 months following dental implant placement. -A swab sample from the extracted tooth site for both groups will be collected using a cotton bud or relevant clinical tool. -Data collection is limited to the routine follow-up schedule, and no long-term monitoring beyond standard clinical care is required. -Pre-implant, 3-month and 6-month post-implants, saliva, PICF (peri-implant crevicular fluid) samples and periodontal chart clinical data will be collected