None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
This study is designed to improve pain relief after cesarean section surgery by comparing three different doses of a medication called dexmedetomidine, which is combined with ketamine. These medications are known to reduce pain and anxiety without the side effects commonly seen with opioids. Women participating in the study will receive one of the three dose combinations after surgery, and their pain levels will be closely monitored for 24 hours. The goal is to identify which dose provides the best pain control with the least need for additional pain medicine. Hypothesis: We believe that higher doses of dexmedetomidine will result in better pain relief after cesarean section when used with ketamine.
Interventions
Arm A: Dexmedetomidine 0.2 µg/kg/hr + Ketamine 0.25 mg/kg/hr
Arm B: Dexmedetomidine 0.3 µg/kg/hr + Ketamine 0.25 mg/kg/hr
Arm C: Dexmedetomidine 0.4 µg/kg/hr + Ketamine 0.25 mg/kg/hr
Mode of administration: Intravenous infusion
Duration: Postoperative period (up to 24 hours post-surgery)
Setting: Postoperative care following elective caesarean section at Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore
Personnel: Administered by trained anesthesiology staff
Standardized co-analgesia: Paracetamol 1g IV ever
Arm A: Dexmedetomidine 0.2 µg/kg/hr + Ketamine 0.25 mg/kg/hr Arm B: Dexmedetomidine 0.3 µg/kg/hr + Ketamine 0.25 mg/kg/hr Arm C: Dexmedetomidine 0.4 µg/kg/hr + Ketamine 0.25 mg/kg/hr Mode of administration: Intravenous infusion Duration: Postoperative period (up to 24 hours post-surgery) Setting: Postoperative care following elective caesarean section at Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore Personnel: Administered by trained anesthesiology staff Standardized co-analgesia: Paracetamol 1g IV every 8 hours; Nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg IV rescue if VAS >5 Monitoring: VAS score, heart rate, blood pressure, SpO2 at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 hours
Sponsors
Ahmed Naeem at Department of Anesthesiology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Parallel
Primary purpose
Treatment
Masking
Blinded (masking used) (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Pregnant females aged 18–50 years Undergoing elective lower segment caesarean section under subarachnoid (spinal) block Willing to participate and provide informed consent
Exclusion criteria
Allergy to dexmedetomidine or ketamine Comorbidities (e.g., cardiac disease, epilepsy, COPD, adrenal insufficiency, malignancy) Psychiatric disorders or chronic opioid use Emergency surgeries Indwelling epidural catheter or unmanageable pain levels
Outcome results
None listed