None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
Cardio-metabolic disease (e.g. cardiovascular disease and metabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes) is a major health problem in New Zealand and throughout the world. Systemic inflammation has been linked to a number of these chronic diseases which has led to research investigating interventions that aim to reduce the inflammatory response including increased physical activity and altered diets. Plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and triglycerides increased between 1-2 hours following consumption of -fed wagyu beef compared to kangaroo meat, suggesting that lean meat may reduce low-grade systemic inflammation compared with fatty meat. However, the relationship between livestock species or product (e.g. beef, venison or milk), the forages they are produced from (e.g. grass or forage mixtures) and the postprandial response of the human consumer has not yet been investigated. While kangaroo is an example of free-range lean meat produced from a variety forages and shrubs, the diets that are used to produce domesticated livestock products including venison are less diverse and traditional pastures typically used in NZ consist primarily of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens). The aim of the project is to investigate the short-term human health-related responses to consuming meat from cattle grazing a traditional pasture compared to those that grazed a varied diet (e.g. a mixture of plant species).
Interventions
Thirty rising two-year old, Angus cattle grazed and were finished on three different pasture treatments between October and January of 2021 (n = 10 per treatment). Pasture treatments consisted of a standard perennial ryegrass and white clover pasture, a complex multi species-mixture of 24 plant species, or adjacent mono-cultures of five plant species (plantain, perennial ryegrass, lucerne, red clover, and chicory) in which all plant species were available for grazing at all times. Cattle grazed
Thirty rising two-year old, Angus cattle grazed and were finished on three different pasture treatments between October and January of 2021 (n = 10 per treatment). Pasture treatments consisted of a standard perennial ryegrass and white clover pasture, a complex multi species-mixture of 24 plant species, or adjacent mono-cultures of five plant species (plantain, perennial ryegrass, lucerne, red clover, and chicory) in which all plant species were available for grazing at all times. Cattle grazed treatment pastures over 4 months and were processed at a commercial abattoir. The eye fillet (posas major) was removed from each animal, minced, homogenised by treatment, and made into patties. Twenty four (8 per pasture treatment) otherwise healthy, adults were recruited with at least 1 cardiometabolic risk factor (obese, hypertension, pre-diabetic, or hyperlipidaemia). Using a randomised 3-way cross over design participants consumed three meals (separated by a one week washout period). Each meal consisted of 100% beef which was produced from three pasture mixtures. Measurements of postprandial (at 0, 3, and 5 hours post-meal) metabolic, inflammatory and cardiovascular health were collected immediately prior (0-hours) and following the consumption of ~ 350 g of beef (3 and 5 hours postprandial). Participants were given a meal of pasta (up to 250 g) and a vegan basil pesto (50 g) the night prior to each visit, after consumption of this meal (9 pm) they were asked to fast. Resting venous blood samples were collected by a registered nurse from the antecubital vein using standard guidelines. Participants arrived 30 minutes prior to meal consumption at the laboratory each week on the same day for three consecutive weeks. Following the collection of baseline (0 h) measurements they were offered 500 g of beef and given up to 15 minutes to complete their meal and they remained onsite and fasted with free access to water for 5 hours until collection of the final samples. Research staff and a registered nurse were onsite for the entirety of the measurement collection period to ensure participants fasted and adhered the research guidelines. The total amount of meat consumed was measured The laboratory was located at the Lincoln University Sport and Exercise Science Laboratory, Canterbury, New Zealand.
Sponsors
Lincoln University
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Crossover
Primary purpose
Treatment
Masking
Blinded (masking used) (Subject, Caregiver)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Twenty four (8 per pasture treatment) otherwise healthy, adults were recruited with at least 1 cardiometabolic risk factor (obese, hypertension, pre-diabetic, hyperlipidaemia). Participants of this study were screened and selected for cardio-metabolic disorders containing at least one of the following: 1. Waist circumference greater than 102 cm (male), and 89 cm (female) 2. Fasting venous glucose exceeds 100mg/dL and or non-fasting haemoglobin A1c of are equal to or greater than 50 mmol/mol or pharmacological treatment 3. Fasting Triglyceride greater than 150 mg/dL or pharmacological treatment 4. Fasting High-density lipoprotein greater than 40 mg/dL (male), <50 mg/dL (female) or pharmacological treatment 5. Systolic BP greater than 130 mmHg or greater than 85 mmHg Diastolic or pharmacological treatment
Exclusion criteria
Participants were excluded if they had any additional health conditions that would impact the results, or if they were below or above the minimum and maximum age range (18-70 yrs). Participants with at least one cardio metabolic disease were prioritised and must have doctor's approval to participate in the experiment.
Outcome results
None listed