Ultrasound measurement of unstable shoulders before and after taping and rehabilitation treatment

This study involves 2 interventions (taping and rehabilitation. All participants will be offered to be part of the taping group and the rehabilitation group. They can decide whether to be part of one, the other, or both. This design may be classified as a before-and-after study involving two interventions. Intervention 1 - Taping Fixomul hypoallergenic tape and rigid sports tape. Scapular taping into upward rotation. Experienced physiotherapist with over 10 years of experience. Individual face-to-face treatment. One treatment session - the tape application takes less than 5 minutes. Administered at a private physiotherapy clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Adherence will not be monitored as follow-up data is taken immediately after the tape application. Intervention 2 - Rehabilitation Rehabilitation will be overseen by the participants' treating physiotherapist who has been trained in the Watson Instability Program (Watson, et al., 2016, 2017). Progression through the program is determined by the treating physiotherpist and typically occurs in the treatment sessions. Exercises are typically of low-moderate intensity and focus on low-load, high repitition dosages. E.g. shoulder shrug against red theraband 1-3 sets, 20 reps, 5 secs, 1-3 x daily. Other exercises may include, but may not be limited to: - row (low/high) - external rotation (low/high) - internal rotation (low/high) - pushing (low/high) - lateral raise (low/high) Treatment may be individualised/tailored as determined by the treating physiotherapist. Treatments may include, but are not limited to: Exercise prescription/progression, massage, stretching, joint mobilisation, and taping. Equipment may include therabands, handweights, and gym equipment as deemed necessary by the treating physiotherapist. Treatment may be delivered face-to-face, or via telehealth, or via a mixture as determined by the treating physiotherapist The number/frequency of sessions over a twelve week period will be determined by the treating physiotherapist but typically last 20-30 minutes, once per week (13 sessions). Treatments will be administed through a private physiotherapy clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Adherence will be overseen by the treating physiotherapist and may include strategies such as patient education, booking appointments ahead of time, and follow-up contact where appropriate. Attendence will be recorded by the treating physiotherpist in the clinic's practice management software. REFERENCES: Watson, L., Warby, S., Balster, S., Lenssen, R., & Pizzari, T. (2016). The treatment of multidirectional instability of the shoulder with a rehabilitation program: Part 1. Shoulder & elbow, 8(4), 271-278. doi:10.1177/1758573216652086 Watson, L., Warby, S., Balster, S., Lenssen, R., & Pizzari, T. (2017). The treatment of multidirectional instability of the shoulder with a rehabilitation programme: Part 2. Shoulder & elbow, 9(1), 46-53. doi:10.1177/1758573216652087