None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
The primary goal of this acute study is to compare breathing behaviour across various loads during parallel back squats between unstable load training (ULT) and traditional training (TRAD). Secondary objectives involve investigating the effects of stable versus unstable conditions across various loads on muscle activation, exercise stability, mechanical performance and perceptual fatigue. The primary hypothesis is that there will be a greater inspiratory volume, a higher rate of breaths, a longer duration of breath-holding, and a larger expiratory volume with an increase in load during squats in both the ULT and TRAD conditions.
Interventions
The current study will involve one initial testing session and one experimental session. All sessions will be conducted in an exercise clinic at the University of Sydney Camperdown campus (Susan Wakil Health Building). All sessions will be supervised by a strength and conditioning specialist or exercise scientist with one-on-one supervision provided to participants. The interval between the two sessions will be at least 72 hours to avoid the influence of fatigue. A session attendance checklist w
The current study will involve one initial testing session and one experimental session. All sessions will be conducted in an exercise clinic at the University of Sydney Camperdown campus (Susan Wakil Health Building). All sessions will be supervised by a strength and conditioning specialist or exercise scientist with one-on-one supervision provided to participants. The interval between the two sessions will be at least 72 hours to avoid the influence of fatigue. A session attendance checklist will be used to monitor adherence to the sessions. The initial testing session (120 minutes) will encompass in-person screening, anthropometry, blood pressure, spirometry profile, static balance, dynamic balance, core endurance test, core strength test, and the 1RM parallel back squat. The experimental session (150 minutes) will involve unstable load training (ULT) and traditional training (TRAD) in parallel back squats. The ULT will be the interventional condition, and the TRAD will be the control condition. A recovery period of approximately 30 minutes will be allowed between conditions to minimise the influence of fatigue. The ULT (interventional condition) will involve a bout of parallel back squats at various loads in ascending order (40% 1RM, 50% 1RM, 60% 1RM, 70% 1RM, 80% 1RM, 90% 1RM) with unstable loads. The unstable load will be achieved by suspending weight plates on both ends of the barbell using elastic bands (Rogue Fitness, Columbus, OH, USA). The bands will be “quadruple looped” through the hole in the centre of each weight plate and hanging on the barbell. Two repetitions at each percentage of 1RM will be performed with a 60-second rest interval between attempts up to 60% 1RM and 120 seconds for 70-90%. The repetition speed of the squats will involve a 3-second eccentric phase followed by maximum velocity/effort in the concentric phase. A 20-kilogram standard Olympic barbell will be utilised for male participants, whilst a 15-kilogram standard Olympic barbell will be utilised for female participants.
Sponsors
The University of Sydney
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Crossover
Primary purpose
Treatment
Masking
Open (masking not used)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1) familiar with back squat; 2) more than 1-year resistance training experience; 3) averaging at least 2 sessions of resistance training per week during the previous 6 weeks.
Exclusion criteria
1) respiratory system disease; 2) cardiovascular disease; 3) kidney disease; 4) glaucoma; 5) inguinal, femoral, or umbilical hernia; 6) lower back pain; 7) ankle instability; 8) flat feet; and 9) neuromuscular disorders or injuries within the past six months.
Outcome results
None listed