Are participants of balance programs achieving and maintaining a reduction in falls risk?

Arm 1: Land-based exercise-based falls prevention program (Low Level). Located in a hospital outpatient facility gymnasium. Ten week (2xweekly), 45-50 min face-to-face exercise sessions facilitated by an accredited exercise physiologist and allied health assistant. Program utilises equipment such as chairs, rails, dura disc, foam, rocker-boards, balls, cones, walking obstacles and steppers. Six participants at a time commencing on a rolling start (ie. participants start when a spot opens and finish after ten weeks). Sessions consist of 5 - 10mins warm-up which includes exercises like walking in the rails in various directions, sit-to-stands/squats and marching on the spot, This is followed by a 35 min circuit of balance tasks such as standing on various unstable surfaces (foam, dura disc, rocker-boards etc), narrowing base of support while multitasking (gaze instability, throwing balls, cognitive challenges ect) or walking obstacles (stepping over stick, weaving around cones, walking on beams). Exercises are performed between rails and/or with close supervision. Intensity/difficulty of each tasks are individually tailored and progressed based on each participants ability level. Therapists use clinical judgement to challenge the participants balance with each task. Differs from high level group only in starting capacity/ability of participants and subsequently the difficulty level of balance exercises. Arm 2 ; Land-based exercise-based falls prevention program (High Level). Located in a hospital outpatient facility gymnasium. Ten week (2xweekly), 45-50 min face-to-face exercise sessions facilitated by an accredited exercise physiologist and allied health assistant. Program utilises equipment such as chairs, rails, dura disc, foam, rocker-boards, balls, cones, walking obstacles and steppers. Six participants at a time commencing on a rolling start (ie. participants start when a spot opens and finish after ten weeks). Sessions consist of 5 - 10mins warm-up which includes exercises like walking in the rails in various directions, sit-to-stands/squats and marching on the spot, This is followed by a 35 min circuit of balance tasks such as standing on various unstable surfaces (foam, dura disc, rocker-boards etc), narrowing base of support while multitasking (gaze instability, throwing balls, cognitive challenges ect) or walking obstacles (stepping over stick, weaving around cones, walking on beams). Exercises are performed between rails and/or with close supervision. Intensity/difficulty of each tasks are individually tailored and progressed based on each participants ability level. Therapists use clinical judgement to challenge the participants balance with each task. Differs from low level group only in starting capacity/ability of participants and subsequently the difficulty level and intensity of exercises. Arm 3: Water-based exercise-based falls prevention program using Ai Chi. Located in a hospital outpatient facility hydrotherapy pool. Ten week (2xweekly), 45-50 min face-to-face exercise sessions facilitated by an accredited exercise physiologist and allied health assistant. Exercise sessions consist of 5-10mins warm-up in the pool followed by 35 mins where participants are directed through a series of Ai Chi postures, There are 19 different postures (or Katas) each progressing in difficulty through different planes of movement and bases of support. Progression and intensity are tailored based on participant ability. Participant attendance for each group is recorded via attendance checklist and with therapist follow-up (typically phone call) to ensure missing participant is okay and to remind them of next session.