Effect of a health training intervention on body composition and level of selected adipokines of adipose tissue in males with metabolic syndrome

The aim of the project is to assess an influence of two types of twelve-week health training interventions (training of an aerobic character vs. aerobic-resistance training) on body mass, the level of selected adipokines and features of the metabolic syndrome in males with metabolic syndrome in relation to males with metabolic syndrome who did not participate in the training (a control group). The examined from all three groups will then be observed for four weeks - a follow-up. The health training interventions will take place in a Fitness Club in Cracow under supervision of a personal coach. Before the beginning of examinations, the level of aerobic and anaerobic capacity will be determined with the use of proper tests and the level of physical activity will be assessed. Planning and monitoring the intensity in the aerobic training as well as amount of load in the resistance training will be set individually based on guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine (1995). Intensity of the training will be monitored through pulse with the system of Polar M200 GPS Running Watch with Wrist-Based Heart Monitor. Whereas, before the resistance training, the participants will take the test of one-rep max (1RM) which is considered to be a gold standard for assessment of muscles force in non-laboratory situations. Planned course of aerobic training: trainings will take place 3 times per week in groups of no more than 5, will start with a 5-min warm-up, reaching intensity of 50% maximum heart rate (HR max). After warm-up, the participants will increase intensity to 70% HR max. It will base on increasing velocity or angle for a treadmill, resistance for upright or recumbent bikes and range of movement or resistance for an x-trainer. Duration of the training will be 45 min. After the training, the participants will stretch the muscles groups engaged in the training (10 min). Planned course of the aerobic-resistance training: The health training with elements of aerobic-resistance exercises will take place 3 times per week, in groups no more than 5. The training will start with a 5-min aerobic warm-up (walking on a treadmill to reach an intensity of 50% HR max). Initially it will comprise 3 complex exercises, such as sit-ups, regular or supported, push-ups with adjustable height of arm prop, bent isolated one-arm dumbbell row, 4 series. Following the adaptation of the body to the training, the intensity will include 3 series of 9 exercises, with 60-sec breaks between them. At first the loads will be set at 50% of 1RM, after 4 weeks it will rise to 70%. After resistance exercises, the participants will train on an exercise bike, x-trainer or treadmill at intensity of 70% HR max. The duration of resistance training during each session will be 25 minutes, followed by 20 minutes of aerobic training. Training will finish with stretching the engaged muscles groups (10 min). The duration of the whole training will be 60 min. It will engage large muscles groups, whereas in subsequent exercises, through isolation of the practised exercises position, the synergistic muscles of lower mass will be activated. The training will employ dumbbells, barbells, training devices, own body mass. All of the trainings will be carried out at the same time of day (in the afternoon) by the same, qualified a personal coach (with minimum 5 years' experience), in a room with the same temperature and humidity. Each volunteer will be qualified by a physician before participation in the study. The session attendance checklists will be used to monitor adherence to the intervention. The therapy will take place at Fitness Club in Cracow, Poland and will be supervised by the members of the University of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland.