None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
Diabetes is a progressive, chronic disease characterised by elevated blood glucose levels. Approximately two million Australians are currently at high risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes. There has been increased attention to the effects of individual food items and nutrients on the outcome of Type 2 Diabetes in recent times, including nuts. Regular nut consumption has been shown to improve glucose control and reduce the overall risk of Type 2 Diabetes. The glycaemic response varies for different carbohydrates. In addition to the level of available carbohydrate in foods, the remaining composition of a food item can also influence the glycaemic response. Almonds have been shown to decrease blood glucose levels and increase satiety after eating. Walnuts contribute numerous positive health benefits including lowering cholesterol and reducing inflammation. Both walnuts and almonds contain high amounts of polyphenols. The form in which nuts are consumed (butter vs whole nuts) may lead to differing metabolic responses. Whilst there are several acute feeding studies which have looked at the postprandial glucose and insulin responses of whole walnuts and almonds, very few have looked at almond or walnut butters, (despite widespread commercial availability of such products). The current study design hopes to provide answers to this research gap. Significant outcomes of the research may include: - Understanding the effects of almond and walnut butters on blood glucose and insulin levels - Understanding the subjective satiety measures of almond and walnut butters We hypothesise that consuming almond butter or walnut butter with white bread will lower the resulting glucose and insulin response, as compared to white bread alone.
Interventions
Intervention products: Nut butters (walnut and almond)
Whilst numerous studies have focused upon whole nuts, there are few studies which have examined the effects nut butters, such as almond or walnut, on postprandial glycaemic control in a population at increased risk of diabetes (>18yrs of age, waist circumference >88cm women, >102cm men)
This study is a three-arm randomised controlled cross-over study design:
Arm 1: 60g almond butter + 104g white bread (50g available carbohydrate)
Arm 2: 60
Intervention products: Nut butters (walnut and almond) Whilst numerous studies have focused upon whole nuts, there are few studies which have examined the effects nut butters, such as almond or walnut, on postprandial glycaemic control in a population at increased risk of diabetes (>18yrs of age, waist circumference >88cm women, >102cm men) This study is a three-arm randomised controlled cross-over study design: Arm 1: 60g almond butter + 104g white bread (50g available carbohydrate) Arm 2: 60g walnut butter + 104g white bread (50g available carbohydrate) Arm 3: 104g white bread alone (control). All eligible participants will be asked to attend three separate face to face testing visits to complete the three study arms (one arm per visit, in a randomly allocated order). All visits will be conducted by the Honours Student M. Noonan, in conjunction with the supervisors Professor Gary Williamson and Dr Margaret Murray. At each testing visit participants will have multiple finger prick blood samples taken over a 180-minute period after consuming either the control meal or intervention meals, in order to test postprandial glucose and insulin response. Participants will be asked to fast from 9 pm the night before (>10 h fast) following a standardised dinner meal, and avoid nuts and nut-containing foods and strenuous physical activity for 24 hours before testing. They will also be asked to consume the test meals within 10 minutes. A washout period of at least one week will occur between each testing visit.
Sponsors
Monash Univeristy
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Crossover
Primary purpose
Prevention
Masking
Open (masking not used)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Individuals 18 years of age and above A waist circumference measure greater than or equal to 88cm in women and 102cm in men Able to consume nuts AND gluten containing products (pasta and white bread) with nil adverse effects
Exclusion criteria
Current Smokers Individuals with an Implanted Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD) Consuming >14 standard drinks of alcohol per week Females who are pregnant, trying to become pregnant or breastfeeding Individuals who have been diagnosed with Diabetes or taking Diabetes medications
Outcome results
None listed