None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
Exercise training has conventionally been considered a key factor in the multi-disciplinary approach to cardiac rehabilitation. However, recent systematic review and meta-analyses have reported a reduced effectiveness, particularly in regional areas with limited resources for exercising testing and delivery. More specifically, exercise training at a workload corresponding to the ventilatory anaerobic threshold has previously demonstrated significant improvements in cardiovascular health outcomes. However identifying such workloads requires specialized equipment including cardiopulmonary testing. Therefore, the proposed project is designed to identify submaximal field tests that can be used to prescribe exercise workloads at an individual’s ventilatory anaerobic threshold without the need for specialized equipment or expertise. It is hypothesized that the addition of participant heart rate and rating of perceived exertion will improve the accuracy of linear regression models based on field test protocols.
Interventions
Participants will attend a total of three (3) laboratory visits, separated by a minimum of 48 hours, to complete cardiorespiratory fitness assessment. The first two (2) visits are estimated to take approximately 60 minutes total with participants completing two (2) of four (4) randomly assigned field tests to assess cardiorespiratory fitness (two exercise tests in each session). The field tests include the 6 minute walk test, with participants required to walk as far as possible in 6 minutes, in
Participants will attend a total of three (3) laboratory visits, separated by a minimum of 48 hours, to complete cardiorespiratory fitness assessment. The first two (2) visits are estimated to take approximately 60 minutes total with participants completing two (2) of four (4) randomly assigned field tests to assess cardiorespiratory fitness (two exercise tests in each session). The field tests include the 6 minute walk test, with participants required to walk as far as possible in 6 minutes, in a self-paced and standardized testing procedure. The incremental shuttle walk test, an externally paced walking test with increasing speed required to complete subsequent shuttle levels. The test is terminated when participants reach 85% of their age predicted heart rate maximum. The Astrand Rhyming submaximal cycle, a 6 minute cycle test designed to be completed at a sub-maximal intensity (less than 85% age-predicted heart rate maximum) with estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness based on work rate and heart rate response. Chester Step Test is an externally paced (metronome) step test with progression in intensity elicited every 2 minutes with an increase in speed. During all field test heart rate and visual analogue scales (dyspnea and rating of perceived exertion) will be recorded. The third laboratory visit (expected to take approximately 40 minutes) will involve an additional sub-maximal field test, the 30 second sit to stand. Participants are required to complete as many repetitions of unassisted sit and stand from a chair in 30 seconds. Finally participants will complete a symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a cycle ergometer, consisting of a ramp protocol and supervised by an Accredited Exercise Physiologist (AEP).
Sponsors
La Trobe University
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Crossover
Primary purpose
Prevention
Masking
Blinded (masking used) (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Able to understand and respond to spoken English Aged 18 years and older Diagnosed with cardiovascular disease Exiting out-patient cardiac rehabilitation program Available to meet the time commitments Physically able to complete testing
Exclusion criteria
Diagnosed with heart failure or hypertrophic myopathy Heart transplant participants Unstable angina or myocardial infarction in the previous month
Outcome results
None listed