The Usefulness of Augmented Reality Assistance for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Access: A Scoping Study

This study aims to develop and implement a method of displaying live internal anatomical data on head-mounted display (Microsoft HoloLens system) using augmented reality technology and to use this data to successfully achieve renal access during a Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. Pre-oeprative CT images of the patient's urinary system will be used to construct the 3D model which will be projected onto the HoloLens system. The HoloLens system will only be worn at time of initial entry into the patient's renal calyx during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The procedure will be carried out by Dr Devang Desai, MBBS, FRACS (Urology), Consultant Urologist, at Toowoomba Base Hospital. The procedure will not deviate from a standard PCNL except for the use of the HoloLens system in place of standard image intensifier fluroscopy that is used to typically gain entry into the renal calyx. Standard fluroscopy will be available for use if required. Data concerning success recorded at time of procedure via operator survey. The project aims to be a proof-of-concept that this approach is feasible, while offering initial data on potential expectations of outcome in future studies.