None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
Aging is characterised by changes to bone, muscle and fat tissues, and these changes are associated with falls, fractures and chronic disease including heart disease and diabetes. The aim of this project is to explore in middle aged and older adults, how bone, muscle and fat communicates, and how exercise may modify these tissues. We will assess this following a single session of high intensity cycling exercise, and following 4 weeks of high intensity cycling training. The study includes blood and urine sampling before and after exercise in the acute exercise session, and following the 4 weeks of training to assess if certain markers of bone, muscle and fat health that circulate in the blood and urine are modified by exercise. Muscle (thigh muscle) and fat (abdomen) biopsies are optional in this study, and are taken before and after exercise. This project will bring new insights into how exercise can modify the way in which bone-muscle-fat communicates leading to potentially new pharmacological/non-pharmacological interventions important for healthy ageing.
Interventions
The study involves three main parts. 1) screening and baseline assessments related to bone, muscle and body composition health, 2) acute high intensity exercise and 3) chronic exercise training (4-weeks).
For all acute HIE and exercise training visits, participants will be supervised by Accredited Exercise Physiologists in a 1:1 or 1:2 format. All the assessments and exercise training will be conducted face-to-face.
EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXERCISE
We will examine the effects of acute high intensity
The study involves three main parts. 1) screening and baseline assessments related to bone, muscle and body composition health, 2) acute high intensity exercise and 3) chronic exercise training (4-weeks). For all acute HIE and exercise training visits, participants will be supervised by Accredited Exercise Physiologists in a 1:1 or 1:2 format. All the assessments and exercise training will be conducted face-to-face. EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXERCISE We will examine the effects of acute high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on markers of bone, muscle and fat metabolism as well as changes in markers of metabolic and CV risk (glucose, lipids, inflammation etc). This (identical) acute HIIE session will also be performed following 4-weeks of HIIE training. Blood sampling will be taken before exercise, immediately following exercise, and up to 180 min post-exercise. Urine samples will be taken before and following exercise. Participants can elect to have none, one (at rest) or four (1 at rest and 1 following each acute exercise session) muscle and adipose tissue biopsies. Muscle will be analysed for protein degradation and protein synthesis pathways. Other novel markers associated with muscle, bone and fat health may also be assessed. Twenty-four hours prior to the acute HIIE session participants will be asked to refrain from any formal exercise, consume their normal diet and not take caffeine or alcohol. Participants will arrive to our lab between 7-8am after an overnight fast. At the start of each visit, a cannula will be inserted into the antecubital vein. At each testing visit we will take six blood samples (~20 to 25 ml each), one at rest before you exercise, and one immediately when you finish then at 30, 60, 120 and 180 mins post-exercise. The total blood volume taken in one visit is around 140ml. The acute HIIE session incudes 4 sets x 4 minutes of cycling (on a cycle ergometer) at 80-90% of HRR with 2 minutes of active recovery between sets). Participant will be able to consume water, however, they will be unable to eat until the end of the visit. Participants will also be asked to complete some simple short questionnaires. The Feelings scale and The subjective exercise experience scale (SEES). EFFECTS OF 4-WEEKS HIIT EXERCISE TRAINING Following the acute exercise, participants will be randomised (using block randomisation, sealed envelope) to receive either 4 weeks of exercise training, or 4 weeks of standard clinical care (control). Training will be 3 sessions per week. The format of these sessions will be the same as the acute HIIE session 4 sets x 4 minutes of cycling (on a cycle ergometer) at 80-90% of HRR with 2 minutes of active recovery between sets). Blood pressure and heart rate will be monitored before and after exercise. Both before and after the chronic training period we will administer the third version of Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ 3) to assess baseline exercise motivation and determine if the applied intervention positively impacts internal or external motivation for exercise participation. The study coordinator will be in close contact with the participant to arrange all training sessions, and will maintain a session attendance checklist to monitor adherence to the intervention. Following the 4 week intervention (exercise training and control) and between 48 to 72 hours after their final visit, participants will attend VU for final assessments which will be a repeat of the baseline testing and acute exercise.
Sponsors
Victoria University
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Parallel
Primary purpose
Treatment
Masking
Open (masking not used)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
45 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Males and females aged >45years or older. Postmenopausal Females will be required to be a minimum of 12 months post menopause.
Exclusion criteria
Potential participants will be excluded from the study if they: have been recently diagnosed (less than 14 days) with COVID-19, have been identified as a close-contact of someone with COVID-19, or have signs or symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. Once the individual has been cleared of COVID-19, they will be allowed to participate in the study. This is to be determined by your medical doctor, and a letter of approval will need to be provided. All participants will be phone screened for these criteria 24 hours prior to each of their in-person visits (see appendix 4). They will also complete the form again on arrival. have had any fractures in the previous 3 months, or have commenced antiresorptive medication or any other new osteoporotic treatment within the last three months. have diabetes mellitus or are taking hypoglycaemic medications have any blood or marrow disorders have any bone malignancies or tumours are taking warfarin or vitamin K supplementation or restriction have a body mass index equal to or greater than 40kg/m2 are professionally active (compete at a high level: national or international sporting competitions) are a current smoker, or have ceased smoking in the last 12 months have begun any new medications, new physical activity or dietary regimens (food intake) in the last 3 months are known to have a high blood pressure (more than 160/100 mmHg) or have been diagnosed with coronary artery disease or chronic heart failure. are taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) If you are taking glucocorticoids or other medications that alter bone metabolism Additional criteria include: are unable to give informed consent independently, we will not include any persons who are unable to give independent informed consent for safety reasons, particularly as we take some invasive measures. pregnancy, the effects of maximal exercise whilst during pregnancy remain unclear. For safety precautions we will not include pregnant women. unable to understand English, this could potentially be a safety concern if unable to communicate during some of the maximal exertion testing visits, and for the acute exercise bout.
Outcome results
None listed