None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
People with type 2 diabetes have high blood glucose levels largely due to reduced action or section of the main hormone insulin. Larger spikes in glucose levels typically occur following the consumption of carbohydrates. Lowering carbohydrate intake is one way to improve glucose levels. However, it unknown if the distribution of carbohydrate at each meal and snack also influences daily blood glucose averages; specifically in the context of a lower carbohydrate diet. The main objective of this study is to determine if consuming a moderately low-carbohydrate diet of 90g across different distribution patterns will have an impact on blood glucose management. The primary outcome is the change in blood glucose with continuous glucose monitoring over each of the three 3-day periods following different carbohydrate distribution patterns.
Interventions
This randomised cross over control trial compares 3 three intervention arms and a habitual control. All interventions are 3-days with a 4-day washout period. Participants will wear an activity monitor continuously during the 3-day interventions and a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) for the entire 4 week intervention period. Participants will record daily intake daily using a weighed food record during the 4 week period. LC15: Participants will consume a diet of 90g carbohydrate distributed in 15g doses across 6 meals. LC30: Participants will consume a diet of 90g carbohydrate distributed in 30g doses across 3 meals, with the other 3 meals as close to 0g carbohydrate as possible. LC90: Participants will consume a diet of 90g carbohydrate distributed in any pattern they choose across 6 meals. For all intervention days food items will remain constant, with only the distribution of the food items as a variable. Participants will be provided with daily meal plans tailored to their intake needs using the Mifflin equation along with the raw ingredients required to construct the simple meals and snacks. No outside meals or snacks will be consumed during each 3-day duration, however water and unsweetened black coffee/tea etc (non caloric beverages) can be consumed as desired. For LC15 and LC30 participants will consume 3 meals and 3 snacks as prescribed in their meal plan. The timing of the meals will be at the participants discretion but matched between conditions and recorded as part of the weighed food record. For LC90, participants will eat the same foods as during LC15 and LC30, however these foods may be consumed in any pattern and prepared as desired.
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Aged between 18 and 80 years Formal diagnosis of type 2 diabetes Stable medication for previous 3 months
Exclusion criteria
Non-English speakers High risk kidney or liver diseases Insulin or sulfonylureas Pregnancy and breastfeeding