Inter-organ cross talk in heart failure: A multisite biomarker sampling study

This is a single centre, investigator-led study of the regional origins of biomarkers in patients with heart failure (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: HFrEF, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: HFpEF) , and of the relationship between biomarkers in cardiovascular function. It consists of two parts of visit: initial visit will assess participants' eligibility via face-to face consultation. If they are qualified, patients will proceed for second visit which is the procedure called right heart catheterization. The right heart catheterisation will take around one hour on your second visit. It involves insertion of a catheter (a thin plastic tube) into a large vein usually in the arm but sometimes in the right side of the neck (jugular vein) using ultrasound to identify the correct placement. Through this tube a smaller tube will be advanced step by step to the heart, lungs, kidney and liver using x-ray guidance to measure the blood pressure and to collect a blood sample from each location. A fine tube will also be placed into an artery located at the wrist or elbow under local anaesthetic to measure your blood pressure and to collect blood samples. There is a visit checklist detailing the component of each visit including vital signs, blood samples, medical history etc. and further details are explained in the PICF. Patients having heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and patients with preserved ejection fraction will undergo the same procedures.