None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
12 male volunteers (aged 21 to 35 years) will complete a randomised crossover trial with with three conditions - Adequate Energy Availability (AEA), Low energy availability (LEA) 2, and LEA1: - AEA: 45 kcal/kgffm/day - LEA2: 30 kcal/kgffm/day - LEA1: 15 kcal/kgffm/day Each participant will undertake each condition over 5 days with a washout period of 7-10 days between arms. On days 1 to 4, energy availability of the participants will be controlled via fixed energy intake and exercise energy expenditure. Pre and post measurements will be done on Day 1 and Day 5 of each condition, The study hypothesizes that change in RMR, bone turnover markers, and mood states will occur at an energy availability of 15 kcal/kgffm/day.
Interventions
Randomised, counterbalanced crossover trial with three conditions - Adequate Energy Availability (AEA), Low energy availability (LEA) 2, and LEA1:
- AEA: 45 kcal/kgffm/day
- LEA2: 30 kcal/kgffm/day
- LEA1: 15 kcal/kgffm/day
Each participant will undertake each condition over 5 days with a washout period of 7-10 days between arms. On days 1 to 4 of each condition, energy intake will be controlled through diet by providing foods that will include microwavable frozen meals, biscuits, nuts, protein
Randomised, counterbalanced crossover trial with three conditions - Adequate Energy Availability (AEA), Low energy availability (LEA) 2, and LEA1: - AEA: 45 kcal/kgffm/day - LEA2: 30 kcal/kgffm/day - LEA1: 15 kcal/kgffm/day Each participant will undertake each condition over 5 days with a washout period of 7-10 days between arms. On days 1 to 4 of each condition, energy intake will be controlled through diet by providing foods that will include microwavable frozen meals, biscuits, nuts, protein powder, etc. The food will consist of 50% carbohydrates, 20% protein, 30% fats. The researchers will monitor the participants adherence to the intervention by participant self-report diary and through constant communication via text messages daily. In addition, each participant will undertake exercise equivalent to 15 kcal/kgffm/day. Each day’s exercise session will be treadmill running at 65% of maximum oxygen uptake, duration approximately 90 minutes (15 minutes run, 5 minutes break, 6 sets in total). All exercise sessions will be supervised by the researchers. Energy availability will be calculated as energy intake minus energy expenditure through exercise. All physical testing (metabolic measures, blood sampling, exercise) will take place in a controlled laboratory environment at the Nanyang Technological University National Institute of Education. The participants will be asked to bring home each day’s food and will have to finish the food by 10pm (on the same day).
Sponsors
National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Crossover
Primary purpose
Prevention
Masking
Open (masking not used)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Male
Age
21 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1) Male 2) Age: 21-35 years 3) Complete at least 3 running sessions/week on a regularly basis 4) Running at least 24km a week on a regular basis 5) Self-reported weight stable (±3 kg) in the past three months and not actively trying to lose weight by self-report 6) Body mass index: 19-25 kg·m-2 7) Normal blood pressure (less than 120/80 mmHg and greater than 90/60 mmHg) 8) Normal blood glucose level (less than 6.0 mmol/ L and greater than 3.9 mmol/L) 9) Healthy, injury-free (e.g. no cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, orthopaedic impairment that interferes with moderate-to-vigorous exercise) 10) No previous or current diagnosis of eating disorder(s)/No known or deliberate disordered eating behaviours 11) No special diets (e.g. vegan, vegetarian, ketogenic diet) - Halal dietary requirements is acceptable 12) Non-smoker
Exclusion criteria
1) Any diagnosed form of cardiometabolic disease (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension) 2) Any symptoms contraindication of exercise testing (eg chest pains) 3) Any balance or dizziness problems 4) Any chronic medical conditions (whether medicated or not) 5) Any bone joint problems 6) Any Physician diagnosed contraindications to exercise 7) If you drink alcohol more than 3 times each week and more than 3 drinks each time 8) Tick Yes to any questions in Part 1 of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire Plus. 9) Any allergies to food items used in the prescribed meals. 10) A score on the Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food (SCOFF) questionnaire of 2 or more. 11) A score on the Exercise Addiction Inventory of 24 or more.
Outcome results
None listed