None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
The consumption of sugary carbohydrate foods has been associated with changes in dental plaque pH and an increased risk of dental caries formation. The dental health impact of starchy carbohydrates, in particular, those with a high glycemic index (GI) has not been well examined. This study investigates the effect of different carbohydrate foods, varying in their GI, on acute changes in dental plaque pH. In a series of experiments in healthy adults, common starchy carbohydrate foods, along with an oral glucose solution will be consumed in fixed 25 g available carbohydrate portions. The change in dental plaque pH will be assessed postprandially over 1 hour and capillary plasma glucose concentration will be measured at regular intervals over 2 hours.
Interventions
Participants are required to consume a higher-carbohydrate (>55% energy as carbohydrate), lower-fat (<20% energy as fat) evening meal, based around pasta, rice, or bread, and then fast for 10-12 hours overnight before each test session. In addition, they are required to refrain from brushing their teeth or performing any oral hygiene regime the night before a test or on the morning of a test session.
Test food: A glucose solution containing either 25 or 50 g of available carbohydrate dissolved
Participants are required to consume a higher-carbohydrate (>55% energy as carbohydrate), lower-fat (<20% energy as fat) evening meal, based around pasta, rice, or bread, and then fast for 10-12 hours overnight before each test session. In addition, they are required to refrain from brushing their teeth or performing any oral hygiene regime the night before a test or on the morning of a test session. Test food: A glucose solution containing either 25 or 50 g of available carbohydrate dissolved in 250 mL water will be studied to investigate the impact of different carbohydrate amounts on acute changes in dental plaque pH. Participants will be asked to complete the glucose solution within 3 minutes. The glucose solution will be tested in duplicate in random order in each participant. Participants will complete 6 test sessions (2 reference food sessions and 4 test food sessions), with consecutive sessions separated by at least 1 day. In addition, four different starchy carbohydrate foods (canned chickpeas, boiled penne pasta, white bread, and instant mashed potatoes prepared with water) representing a wide range of basic carbohydrate foods with known GI values will be compared with a reference glucose solution. All test foods and the reference solution will be consumed in a portion containing 25 g available carbohydrate. The reference glucose solution will be tested twice by each participant at the start and end of the study. Each food will be consumed on one occasion in random order, with consecutive sessions separated by at least 1 day. Afterwards, three different types of food pairs will be tested: two microwave white rice, two white breads and two breakfast cereals, along with a reference glucose solution. Within each pair, one food has a lower GI than the other, but both foods have a similar texture, processing method, and food form. Each food pair test portion containes 25 g available carbohydrate, with a similar ratio of starch and sugar within each food pair. A dentist collecting and measuring the plaque samples will be blinded to the differences between the two foods within each pair (eg. GI, brand and nutritional information) until after study completion. All test foods will be freshly prepared according to manufacturers’ instructions without any additional ingredients.
Sponsors
The University of Sydney
Study design
Allocation
Non-randomised trial
Intervention model
Parallel
Primary purpose
Prevention
Masking
Blinded (masking used) (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Healthy adults, aged 18 – 65 years, non-smoking, without any underlying health conditions or dental disease.
Exclusion criteria
Individuals with food allergies, impaired glucose tolerance, those regularly taking prescription medications other than standard oral contraceptives, or individuals with orthodontic appliances were excluded.
Outcome results
None listed