The Pomerium Trial: Effect of a Specialised Nutritional Supplementation on Immune Function in Older Adults Living in Residential Aged Care Facilities

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Ageing is associated with a progressive deterioration of the immune system function, described as immunosenescence, which contributes to an increased risk of morbidity, poor responses to vaccination, and increased mortality in older persons. The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted older people; particularly those living at residential aged care facilities (RACFs). In Australia, the death toll in RACFs has been devastating with two thirds of the current deaths in Victoria happening in residents of RACFs. Considering that calcium ß-Hydroxy-ß-Methylbutyrate (CaHMB), vitamin D, and protein supplementation have demonstrated a beneficial effect not only on the immune system but also on muscle mass and strength and respiratory function in frail older persons, we propose a cluster, randomised, placebo controlled trial administering residents in Victorian RACFs (n= 160) a multinutrient supplement versus usual care for 3 months. Overall, their immune response and improvement in muscle mass and strength, and respiratory function will be documented. Our results will fulfil an unmet need in this very high-risk population by testing whether a specialised nutritional supplement administered within a short period of time could prepare RACFs against this and potential future pandemics while preventing complications and adverse outcomes, and enhancing their immune response to current vaccines.