None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
Researchers aim to identify blood, urine and faecal markers of type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk that differ between ethnicities; and undertake nutritional interventions that target these biomarkers. Our previous study showed that Asian Chinese had a unique ‘fingerprint’ of diabetes markers with worse blood glucose (blood sugar), lipids (blood fats), and different novel metabolomic markers when they were still younger and outwardly-slim than matched European Caucasian counterparts. The reason for this difference is not known, and so in this current study we will try to find out what causes the difference. One possibility is that the markers are different due to completely different home diets. Therefore, we will test whether differences in the novel ‘metabolomics’ blood markers are completely due to diet and also assess whether diet with additional nutrients may together (synergistically) be beneficial in changing the profile of these novel blood markers. In order to do so, we will design two healthy diets based on the New Zealand and the Chinese dietary guidelines for improving metabolic health. The two diet arms will be: 1) HEALTHY DIET (‘control’ diet, HD): which adheres to NZ and Chinese national dietary guidelines for good metabolic health 2) HEALTHY SYNERGY+ DIET (SD): which adheres to NZ and Chinese national dietary guidelines for good metabolic health and includes some additional nutrients** hypothesised to have further improve metabolic health. ** Examples are whole foods such as omega-3 rich fish, more fibre, nuts and seeds, meat with less saturated fats. Both diets are healthy and matched with each other for energy content. All Caucasian participants will be enrolled in the Healthy diet arm while the Chinese participants will be allocated by chance to either the Healthy diet or the Healthy Synergy+ diet arms.
Interventions
This trial will be a 2 week, fully diet controlled, parallel design, 3 treatment intervention, conducted within the Human Nutrition Unit (HNU) residential facility.
The effect of dietary intervention will be assessed in:
-Asian Chinese on Healthy diet (HD) – control
-Asian Chinese on Synergy+ diet (SD) – NZ synergy diet.
-Caucasian European on Healthy diet (HD) – control
All Caucasian participants will be enrolled in the Healthy diet arm while the Chinese participants will be allocated by chan
This trial will be a 2 week, fully diet controlled, parallel design, 3 treatment intervention, conducted within the Human Nutrition Unit (HNU) residential facility. The effect of dietary intervention will be assessed in: -Asian Chinese on Healthy diet (HD) – control -Asian Chinese on Synergy+ diet (SD) – NZ synergy diet. -Caucasian European on Healthy diet (HD) – control All Caucasian participants will be enrolled in the Healthy diet arm while the Chinese participants will be allocated by chance to either the Healthy diet or the Healthy Synergy+ diet arms. The macronutrient composition of the diets are as follows: 1) Healthy diet (HD) – control: ~55 en% carbohydrate [range 45-60en%], with <10en% added sugars; moderate (soluble) fibre, moderate glycaemic index (GI) [56-69 units] ~30en% total fat, with <10en% saturated fat ~15en% protein, with <80g/week red meat 2) Synergy+ Diet (SD): ~45 en% carbohydrate [range 45-60en%], with <5en% added sugars; high (soluble) fibre, low glycaemic index (GI) [<55 units] ~30en% total fat, with <10en% saturated fat; high monounsaturated fatty acid/polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio (MUFA/PUFA) including n-3 PUFA (docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid) ~25en% protein, with <40g/week red meat; high dairy (whey), marine and plant origin food Both HD and SD intervention diets will be based on a typical Asian Chinese-style diet. The HD will adhere to New Zealand Ministry of Health healthy eating (Ministry of Health, 2015), and National guidelines of China (Pagoda Diet) for good metabolic health. The SD will also adhere to New Zealand Ministry of Health healthy eating (Ministry of Health, 2015), and National guidelines of China (Pagoda Diet) for good metabolic health, and matched to the control arm and will additionally include a combination of foods hypothesised to further improve glycaemic/metabolic health outcomes. All diets will be approved by a Registered Dietitian and the diets will be administered by trained Research Staff at the Human Nutrition Unit. Daily energy intake will be calculated based on 1.4 x predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR), using gender- and age-specific equations. This is equivalent to a sedentary day, where physical activity level (PAL) is 1.4 x BMR. Participants will be kept in energy balance throughout the intervention to ensure no weight gain or loss. The diet will be prepared in 0.5MJ increments (e.g. 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5MJ) and hence individualised for each participant. Compliance to diet will be monitored throughout the 14 day study. All foods, beverages and snacks will be provided. Breakfast and dinner meals will be consumed under supervision. Lunch and snacks may be eaten outside the HNU. No other foods will be allowed. Nitrogen balance will be measured on Day 7, based on 24-h urine collection.
Sponsors
The University of Auckland
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Other
Primary purpose
Prevention
Masking
Blinded (masking used) (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
• Male and female • Asian Chinese and European Caucasian • Aged between 18-60 years • BMI 24-40 kg/m2 • Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in prediabetic range, 5.6 – 6.9 mmol/L • Otherwise healthy, as per self-report • Agreement to participate in a residential study
Exclusion criteria
• Type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus • Low serum iron and ferritin levels • Medications controlling glycaemia • Current or history of significant disease including cardiovascular disease; pancreatic disease, or other digestive diseases including inflammatory bowel syndrome/disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease; cancer • Recent body weight loss/gain >10% within previous 3 months or taking part in an active diet program; or current medications for weight loss • Previous bariatric surgery • Smoker, current or in previous 6 months • Recreational drug user, current or in previous 6 months • Dislike or unwilling to consume food items included in the study (including animal products), or hypersensitivities or allergies to these foods • Unwilling/unable to comply with study protocol • Participation in other clinical study, current or in previous 6 months • Pregnant or breastfeeding women, current or in previous 6 months • Considered unsuitable to participate by the PI • Blood donation within previous 3 months.
Outcome results
None listed