None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
Red kiwifruit, which was recently commercialised in New Zealand, has a distinctive red flesh that stems from anthocyanin compounds that are not found in green and gold kiwifruit varieties. Importantly, there is an abundance of research demonstrating the benefits of anthocyanins on health outcomes including supporting cognition, immunity, exercise recovery and cardiovascular function. Thus, there is potential to explore the potential health benefits of red kiwifruit that is differentiated from commercial green and gold varieties. Analysis of red kiwifruit cultivars have reported variable anthocyanin content and composition between cultivars. Of the anthocyanins that have been identified, cyanidin 3-xylogalactoside was reported to be the most abundant followed by cyanidin 3-galactoside and cyanidin 3-glucoside, highlighting the unique anthocyanin composition compared to other fruits. Although high cyanidin glycoside-containing foods are associated with improved cognitive performance and immune support, the benefits of consuming red kiwifruit on these outcomes have not yet been explored. Human clinical studies have demonstrated that health benefits derived from consuming anthocyanin-rich foods is dependent upon the food’s anthocyanin composition and their bioavailability (i.e. their absorption and delivery to the appropriate tissue) of these compounds and their metabolites to exert their effects. The vascular effects of berryfruit, for example, has been linked to the appearance of specific parent anthocyanins and their metabolites in blood plasma. Therefore, the health-related outcomes associated with anthocyanins is underpinned by the bioavailability of anthocyanins and their metabolites after consumption. The bioavailability of red kiwifruit anthocyanins after consumption is yet to be determined. In this study, we aim to characterise the bioavailability of red kiwifruit anthocyanins and their metabolites in human plasma following the consumption of a single serve (200 g) of red kiwifruit. In addition, we also aim to investigate whether the bioavailability of red kiwifruit anthocyanins and their (transient) metabolites corresponds with modulation in the immune response following a challenge with known immune activators in vitro.
Interventions
This is a single-arm repeated measures study that will allow us to evaluate the bioavailability of red kiwifruit anthocyanins (and their metabolites) following the consumption of a single serve of red kiwifruit. Additionally, we seek to determine whether the bioavailability of red kiwifruit corresponds with changes in immune response following stimulation with known immune activators. Prospective participants who have passed the study’s inclusion/exclusion criteria will be asked to attend a fa
This is a single-arm repeated measures study that will allow us to evaluate the bioavailability of red kiwifruit anthocyanins (and their metabolites) following the consumption of a single serve of red kiwifruit. Additionally, we seek to determine whether the bioavailability of red kiwifruit corresponds with changes in immune response following stimulation with known immune activators. Prospective participants who have passed the study’s inclusion/exclusion criteria will be asked to attend a familiarisation session where they will meet with the study’s principal investigator. During this session, the study’s principal investigator (research scientist, PhD) will explain the purpose of the study and what is expected from them as a participant. They give potential participants a copy of the information sheet and health questionnaire for them to take home and complete. Recruited participants will be required to complete a trial day where they will be required to consume the red kiwifruit intervention. Participants will be instructed to refrain from consuming a list of food, drinks and dietary supplements containing anthocyanins 24 hours before their trial day. On their trail day, participants will be given a standardised breakfast bar (694 calories; 16.7 g protein, 23.3 g total fat, 89.3 total carbohydrate and 10 g dietary fibre) to consume with water to have for breakfast 2 hours before the beginning of the trial. At the beginning of the trial, participants will be given 200 g of blended red kiwifruit to consume. This dose of kiwifruit is equivalent to a standard serve of two red kiwifruit. Venous blood samples (approximately 5 mL) will be collected from participants at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after consuming their treatment. The trial coordinator (research associate) of this study will be instructing all participants of what is required of them on their trial day. To monitor participants’ adherence to the dietary restrictions, each participant will be asked to recall if they have consumed any foods containing anthocyanins from a list provided within the last 24 hours prior to starting their trial day. A baseline blood sample will also be collected on each trial day before participants are given their intervention. This will be analysed for anthocyanin and other polyphenolics and will indicate participants’ adherence to the dietary restrictions.
Sponsors
Dr. Dominic Lomiwes
Study design
Allocation
Non-randomised trial
Intervention model
Single group
Primary purpose
Treatment
Masking
Open (masking not used)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Healthy individuals (male or female) 18 – 55 years who are able to provide written consent to participate in this study will be selected from this study.
Exclusion criteria
Participants will be excluded if they are unwilling to unable to provide written consent or comply with the study procedures. Participants will also be excluded if they have known hypersensitivity or intolerance to kiwifruit or kiwifruit derived products. In addition, participants will be excluded if they are pregnant, planning to get pregnant in the immediate future or have any of the following conditions: (i) blood borne diseases (e.g. hepatitis), (ii) recent bacterial or viral illness or (iii) are taking medication that affects the properties of blood (e.g. blood clotting).
Outcome results
None listed