None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
Sleep is essential for the cellular repair of the body. One night of sleep disturbance can affect a person's ability to concentrate; increasing technical errors and their overall mood the following day. The neurohormone melatonin its precursor serotonin plays a central role in the regulation of sleep-wake. The levels of these neurohormones can be quantified in urine samples by measuring the metabolites of melatonin and serotonin as 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), respectively. Diet has been shown to impact the levels of these hormones and may have an impact on sleep and mood (Garrido et al., 2010). Kiwifruit is high in serotonin (Briguglio et al. 2018). The consumption of kiwifruit over one day is shown to increase levels of the 5-HIAA in urine samples. (Feldman & Lee, 1985). Furthermore, sleep quality is improved with the daily consumption of kiwifruit for four weeks (Lin et al. 2011). This project aims to determine the effect of an evening consumption of control, fresh or whole freeze-dried green kiwifruit on urinary metabolites of melatonin, serotonin, and b vitamins as well as subjective sleep quality, and mood in healthy young men. A randomised controlled, crossover trial is planned. Participants will be given an evening standardised meal and the three intervention to consume with this water, fresh green kiwifruit or dried green kiwifruit powder to consume mixed with water. Upon waking the morning urine sample will be collected, and participants are to complete subjective sleep quality survey and mood survey. Samples and surveys are to be returned to the researcher. After approximately seven days, participants will be asked to consume the next intervention until all three have been consumed.
Interventions
Participants will consume, in randomised, single-blind fashion (cross-over design), three different interventions, i) two fresh green kiwifruit (200g), ii) freeze-dried green kiwifruit powder (32g) (equivalent to two whole kiwifruits) mixed with 170ml water or iii) water 170ml (control). Each participant will receive a single intakes worth of the intervention, and treatments i, ii and iii will occur on separate occasions with a seven day washout period in between.
The study is an in-home study
Participants will consume, in randomised, single-blind fashion (cross-over design), three different interventions, i) two fresh green kiwifruit (200g), ii) freeze-dried green kiwifruit powder (32g) (equivalent to two whole kiwifruits) mixed with 170ml water or iii) water 170ml (control). Each participant will receive a single intakes worth of the intervention, and treatments i, ii and iii will occur on separate occasions with a seven day washout period in between. The study is an in-home study setting. Participants will be provided with a standardised evening meal [Man Size Spaghetti and Meatballs (McCain Foods), ~720 kcal] to consume four hours before their usual bed-time. Following this, they are to consume their allocated intervention. The intervention will be provided by a researcher who is not part of the analysis of the study at the collection of a standardised meal. Before bed-time, participants are to score their sleepiness using the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS). They are then free to sleep. Upon waking the following morning, the whole morning urine sample is to be collected. From this, they are to complete the SSS, Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ) and a Profile of Mood States (POMS) survey. Participants will be asked to note down time intervention was consumed and will receive a text message reminder to consume intervention. The urine sample and questionnaires are to be delivered to the Institute within two hours.
Sponsors
Massey University
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Crossover
Primary purpose
Treatment
Masking
Blinded (masking used) (Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Male
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Healthy males Aged between 18-35 years of age Body mass index (BMI) >18.5 or <30kg/m2 Physically active no more than 2 hours per day Good sleeper and poor sleepers - Poor sleepers, defined as having Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score >5 (Buysse, Reynolds, Monk, Berman, & Kupfer, 1989), good having score <=5
Exclusion criteria
Use of specific prescribed medication as listed below or recreational drugs use: Diuretics, Oral or inhaled steroids, Cholinergic antispasmodics, Lactulose, Metamucil, Antibiotics, Sedative/hypnotic medication, Laxatives, Antacids, Cholesterol-lowering medications, Proton pump inhibitors (acid reflux treatments), Vitamin/mineral supplements, Heparin, Antidepressants Excessive alcohol intake defined as >20g of pure alcohol (2 drinks)/d on average. (>21 standard drinks a week) Smoke cigarettes History of gastrointestinal surgery or gastrointestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis, coeliac disease, Crohn’s disease Medical conditions (e.g., cardiorespiratory, diabetes mellitus, bleeding disorders) Psychiatric conditions (e.g., Major depressive disorder, Schizophrenia) Antibiotic consumption (1 month before the study and during the study) Significant weight loss during the past six months Being on a controlled diet or dietary weight loss regimen within four weeks before and during the study Vegetarian/vegan Allergies to dairy products, eggs, fruits, cereals or soy Diagnosed with or symptoms of COVID-19 Shift workers Participants will be asked to abstain from alcohol, caffeinated beverages and vigorous exercise eight hours before their averaged bedtimes
Outcome results
None listed