None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
The incidence of type 2 diabetes in the Aboriginal community is particularly high, about three times greater and up to five times in the age group of 35-44 years compared with Caucasians. The consequences of this are grave and studies have suggested there is a 17-year gap in life expectancy between Indigenous and Caucasians in Australia for which diabetes is a major contributor. An understanding of the inherent differences between Aboriginal and Caucasian groups in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is of major clinical relevance if we are to take steps to bridge this gap and target lifestyle and pharmacological managements effectively. This study is designed to provide new information about the way the gastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestines) contributes to development of type 2 diabetes. It is well recognised that the presence of nutrients in the small intestine triggers the release of certain hormones from the gut. We are interested in studying two gut hormones in particular, GLP-1 and GIP (also referred to as the ‘incretin’ hormones). The incretin hormones have been found to play a critical role in maintaining blood sugar levels. Similarly, the rate at which food is emptied from the stomach to the small intestine (referred to as ‘gastric emptying’) is also crucial. The aim of the study is to determine if, following a standard meal, the gastric emptying or the response by the incretin hormones (GLP-1, GIP) is altered in the indigenous community compared with Caucasians. We will recruit both aboriginal and non-aboriginal participants in this study.
Interventions
Single visit study.
All participants will consume an oral drink containing 75g glucose within 5 minutes.
Gastric emptying will be measured by scintigraphy (nuclear medicine technique). Blood glucose, insulin and gut hormones will be estimated from venous blood sampling.
Sponsors
Royal Adelaide Hospital
Study design
Allocation
Non-randomised trial
Primary purpose
Prevention
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
A) For all participants: • Male and female aged 18 – 70 years • Body mass index (BMI) 20 - 30 kg/m2 • Normotensive (BP < 140/90) • Haemoglobin in the normal range. • Ability to understand the Participant Information and Consent Form and provide written consent. B) For inclusion in the Aboriginal cohort, the following applies: For the purposes of the study, a participant will be considered an ‘Aboriginal’ if he or she fulfills the three-part definition of an Aboriginal person proposed by the Commonwealth Department of Aboriginal Affairs i.e. “An Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander is a person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent who identifies as an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander and is accepted as such by the community in which he [or she] lives”.
Exclusion criteria
• Glycated haemoglobin greater than 6.5% • Past history of gastrointestinal surgery (except appendicectomy) • Medication(s) which may affect gastrointestinal motor function, body weight or appetite • Other significant illness, including epilepsy, cardiovascular or respiratory disease • History of gastrointestinal disease, including pancreatitis, chronic abdominal symptoms • Evidence of drug abuse, consumption of more than 20 g alcohol or 10 cigarettes per day • Impaired renal function (eGFR of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). • Impaired liver function (liver enzymes greater than twice the upper limit of normal). • Donation of blood within the previous 3 months • Radiation exposure within the past 12 months for research studies • Pregnant or breast-feeding women
Outcome results
None listed