None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
The structure of ruminant milks is an important factor influencing their health and nutritional properties. Although food processing techniques change the structure of milks, not much is known about how these changes affect digestion, and the resulting health effects. This study aims to compare the digestive responses to two common heat treatments of milk, to better understand the influence of processing on digestion and nutrient delivery. To do this, acute responses to UHT milk will be compared to pasteurised (PAST) cow milk (500 mL each, separately) in women who habitually consume dairy. These will be compared in a randomised, cross-over, double blinded active control trial. Physiological measures will be used to non-invasively assess the digestive process, alongside biological responses, tracking nutrient appearance, and subjective measures of digestion. Hypothesis: That the different food structure of ultra high temperature treated milk will result in quicker gastric emptying than pasteruised milk, and that this will affect biological and physiological measures of digestion and nutrient delivery.
Interventions
Participants who habitually consume dairy and are self-described as dairy tolerant will be recruited from the general population. Following informed consent, participants will be randomised to consume on a single morning either 500 mL ultra-high temperature (UHT) bovine milk, or 500 mL pasteurised bovine milk (PAST) within 5 minutes. After a wash- out phase of minimum 3 days, the participants will cross over and receive the other treatment.
Sponsors
Massey University
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Crossover
Primary purpose
Treatment
Masking
Blinded (masking used) (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
a) Female adult (18-40 years). Female participants will need to declare stage of menstrual cycle during the different study phases, if applicable. b) A BMI between 18 and 30 kg/m2. c) Self-described habitual dairy consumer as assessed by average weekly liquid milk consumption of 3x 250 mL (1 glass). Can be consumed as a drink or as fluid milk in other forms (e.g. milk with tea, coffee, cereal, etc.)
Exclusion criteria
• Inability to give informed consent • Known bovine milk allergy or lactose intolerance • Self-described dairy intolerant based on previous screening tools for lactose intolerance (score >70/500) • Known significant gastrointestinal disorder (i.e. celiac, IBD, etc.) • Irritable bowel syndrome and/or gastroesophageal dysfunction, based on the Rome IV criteria • Chronic disease such as diabetes, cardiovascular, cancer, renal failure, previous gastrointestinal surgery other than cholecystectomy or appendectomy, neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or stroke, self-reported alcohol intake exceeding a moderate intake (>28 units per week) • Current medication use expected to interfere with normal digestive or metabolic processes including proton pump inhibitors, laxatives, antibiotics etc. • Pregnancy, breastfeeding • Conditions precluding MRI scans, including contraindicated medical devices or implants, body piercings or tattoos, eye injuries involving metal, etc.
Outcome results
None listed