None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
Postoperative pain can cause agitation,delaying healing process and prolongatian of hospitalization in children. Caudal block is one of the most commonly used regional anesthesia applications in children and the Erector Spinae Plane Block is a new fascial plane block. FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale) scoring is used especially in the evaluation of postoperative pain in pediatric patients.
Interventions
The age,ASA score,weight and sexity of patients will be recorded on the date of surgery. The patients will be divided into two groupes by close develop method before surgery. For the first group the Erector Spinae Plane Block will be applied with 0,5 ml/kg 0,25 % bupivacain at L1 vertebral region by ultrasound guidance. After induction of anesthesia Laringeal Mask Airway (LMA) will be inserted or the patient will be entubated. Following induction the patient will remove to lateral position. Under sterile conditions the Erector Spine Muscle and the transvers process of L1 vertebra will be showed by ultrasound.The needle will be advanced deep to the Erector Spine Muscle and the local anesthetic will be injected by the guidance of ultrasound. For the second group the caudal block will be applied with maximum 2 mg/kg bupivacain in the volume of 1 ml/kg by ultrasound guidance. After induction of anesthesia Laringeal Mask Airway (LMA) will be inserted or the patient will be entubated. Following induction the patient will remove to lateral position. The ultrasound transducer will be first placed transversely at the midline to obtain the transverse sonographic view of the sacral hiatus. Under this transverse view the cornua of the sacrum, the sacrococcygeal ligament, and the sacral hiatus will be observed.Then, the transducer is rotated 90 degrees to rest between the two cornua and to obtain the longitudinal sonographic view of the sacral hiatus. The caudal needle will be advanced into the caudal epidural space and local anesthesics will be injected by ultrasound guidance. The ESP Block and the caudal block both will be applied by same anesthesiologist after induction of anesthesia and before surgical incision. The FLACC score will be evaluated at postoperative 15. minutes in PACU and postoperative 1.,3.,6. hours in surgery ward and 24. hour by telephone. Acetaminophen 15 mg/kg iv will be done as rescue analgesia on the surgery ward in case of FLACC scores be tween 2 and 4. If FLACC scores>4 tramadol 1 mg/kg iv will be given as rescue analgesic.Parents will be informed about the pain evaluation and instructed to administer 15 mg/kg oral acetaminophen if FLACC scores will between 2 and 4, and 7 mg/kg oral ibuprofen in case of FLACC scores of 4 or more. The total analgesics will be recorded. The satisfaction of parents will be evaluated.
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
1) Lower abdominal surgery 2) The age between 1-7 years 3) ASA I-II
Exclusion criteria
1)ASA III-IV 2) The known alergy to bupivacain 3)The infection at the needle puncture area