The effectiveness of different driver education types on safety outcomes for older adults.

This is a randomised control trial involving two intervention arms and an active control group. The three arms will include the following conditions: * Control: Classroom Education (C); * Intervention I: Feedback (F) plus C; * Intervention II: Driving Lessons-Plus-Feedback (L+F) plus C. Classroom Education (C) * All participants receive Classroom Education, which is an online group-based road-rules refresher course, and a copy of the latest NSW Road Users Handbook. The Classroom Education will be run in a group setting by an accredited Driving Instructor (DI) and/or a driver trained Occupational Therapist (OT). Participants attend a single 1-hour session following randomisation and prior to undertaking any other interventions (for those allocated to Intervention I or II). The 1-hour session will include presentation of road-rules, vehicle safety, general effects of ageing on driving safety, opportunity for questions and discussion. Participants complete a Process Evaluation Survey after the course, 3 months and 24 months later. Feedback (F) * Participants allocated to Interventions I and II will receive (in addition to the Classroom Education session) a 1-hour individual Feedback session over zoom with the Intervention OT, within one month of completing the Classroom Education session. This will include (1) discussion of the participants’ driving performance on the Baseline On-Road Assessment, (2) viewing the video clips of errors from the Baseline On-Road Assessment, (3) identifying behaviours/habits to change in order to improve safety, and (4) developing a written goal directed plan for implementing the behaviour changes. An example behaviour/habit that may be identified for change is a need to conduct a head-check prior to indication and lane change. Participants will complete a process evaluation form after this session. Following the session, participants will then use a workbook (custom developed for the study) for 10-30 minutes per fortnight over a period of 12 weeks to document fortnightly progress on their behaviour change goals, opportunities and barriers to practice, and self-evaluations. Participants will also complete a process evaluation form after the end of the 12 weeks and at the end of their study involvement. * Participants allocated to Intervention II will receive (in addition to the Classroom Education session, as well as Feedback session + 12-week workbook) two individual 1-hour driving lessons conducted by an accredited DI, within one month of completing the Classroom Education session. (1) Lesson 1 will be conducted in a dual-brake vehicle and includes on-road driving practice of the behaviour/habit changes identified in the Feedback session using routes within or near the participants’ usual driving range and environment, (2) Lesson 2 will be conducted in the participants’ own vehicle and involve the Intervention-DI providing guided on-road training and review of specific skills (identified in the Feedback sessions), using routes within or near the participants’ usual driving range, and then further application of those refreshed skills in unfamiliar areas. Lessons will be approximately 7 days apart. Participants will complete a process evaluation form after each driving lesson, 12 weeks and 24 months later. To note, the Process Evaluation surveys allow us to monitor deliver of interventions, and participant acceptability and adherence. All participants will complete baseline assessments, completing an online General Health and Driving Questionnaire, a 1-hour Lab Assessment (testing vision, cognitive functioning and off road driving skills), and a 1-hour On-Road Driving Test. Once enrolled participants are asked to complete a monthly driving diary for the 24-month period, assessing their driving frequency and whether or not they had any accidents. All participants will be followed up at 3, 12 and 24 months. At 3 months all participants will complete the 1-hour On-Road Driving Test, the Process Surveys and continue their monthly diaries. At 12 and 24 months, the participants will complete the 1-hour On-Road Driving Test, the 1-hour Lab Assessments, a follow-up General Health and Driving Questionnaire, and continue their monthly driving diaries. Adherence indicators Classroom Education session: attendance. NSW Road User Handbook: checklist of receiving it. Feedback session: attendance, and process evaluation form. Workbook: level of fortnightly completion and self-reported adherence, and process evaluation form. Driving lessons: attendance and process evaluation form.