Understanding the utilisation of an insulin-to-protein ratio in people with type 1 diabetes who follow a carbohydrate-restricted diet.

Brief name: Mealtime insulin dosing for both carbohydrate and protein self-administered by sub-cutaneous injection. For 3 months, participants will self-administer a mealtime protein-based insulin bolus that is calculated using the insulin-to-protein ratio of half the carbohydrate ratio. This is in addition to insulin dosing based on mealtime carbohydrate and the participant's individualised carbohydrate ratio. This will be done using their standard insulin administration method and during their normal daily routine. Training: We are expecting that participants will already be able to carbohydrate count. We will go over the participant's understanding with them. The training will be delivered by the researcher face-to-face at the centre for diabetes & endocrine research at Wellington hospital. Patient's will be given a written hand-out at the same time. This will occur once at the beginning of the study. Adherence will be recorded using diary recordings of diet and insulin dosing. There will also be once-weekly phone calls for the duration of the study. The freestyle libre is a continuous glucose monitor that consists of a small glucose sensor that sits under the skin and is attached to a water resistant patch on the skin. It reads blood glucose and trend information. A touchscreen reader device, when held near the patch, will give real-time glucose value. The sensor patch stays implanted for 14 days. It is applied by pressing the sensor onto the applicator and pressing the applicator onto the upper arm. It will be applied to the participants arm at a face to face meeting. The participant will then wear it as they go about their daily business for the next 14 days. They will have another meeting at the end of this period where it will be removed. This happens twice during the study, once at the beginning and once at the end.