None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
There has been an increasing concern on the possible negative effects of excessive sugar intake, particularly added sugar, on the quality of diet and health status. Intake of free sugar, which is defined as added sugar and sugars naturally occurring in honey, syrups and fruit juices, should be limited according to WHO. Recent studies show that sugar-sweetened beverages promotes weight gain and possibly elevated blood pressure as well. Meanwhile, different added sugars sources (solids vs. liquids) may have different health outcomes. Current analysis aims to examine association of free sugar intake with blood pressure and obesity, and association between free sugar intake and blood pressure and obesity based on source of sugar (beverage vs non-beverage) among a nationally representative sample of Australian adults.
Interventions
The independent variable is the intake of free sugar, which is defined by the WHO as all monosaccharides and disaccharides added to foods by the manufacturer, cook, or consumer, plus sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, and fruit juices.
Each participant completed two 24-hr recall, with at least eight days apart, using the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM) developed by the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Anthropometric measures wer
The independent variable is the intake of free sugar, which is defined by the WHO as all monosaccharides and disaccharides added to foods by the manufacturer, cook, or consumer, plus sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, and fruit juices. Each participant completed two 24-hr recall, with at least eight days apart, using the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM) developed by the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Anthropometric measures were based on Australian Bureau of Statistics, and the height, weight and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Measurements for subjects with WC greater than 200cm or weight greater than 150kg were not recorded and were treated as missing in this analysis. Blood pressure was measured twice, with the latter one usually being used. A third measure was repeated if the previous two readings had a difference exceeding 10mmHg. The above data were obtained from the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS), which was part of the Australian Health Survey 2011-2012 carried out by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).
Sponsors
Dr. Jimmy Louie
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Usual residents of private dwellings in urban and rural areas of Australia, covering about 97% of the people living in Australia. Dietary data from those whose age was 18 years old or above were included in this analysis.
Exclusion criteria
Non-usual residents of Australia
Outcome results
None listed