Evaluating Effects of Genetic Variants and Lifestyle on The Risk of Developing Obesity in Healthy Indonesian Subjects

Female and male were involved in this cross-sectional study. CD36 rs1761667 and FTO rs9939609 genotypes were identified from blood using PCR-RFLP; and then, were compared with dietary patterns, physical activities, medical data, and body compositions. The subjects had to undergo body composition measurement and the medical checkup procedure before participating in this study. Subject’s body composition was analyzed using InBody720 (Biospace, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea) which was based on bioelectrical impedance method. The instrument predicts the body fat mass and non-fat mass by measuring total water value and low electric current resistance within the human body. Other body compositions such as body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), percent body fat (PBF), visceral fat area (VFA), and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were also analyzed using this instrument. The medical data collected from subjects were total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. To investigate subjects’ nutrient intake in the last 24 hours, all subjects were interviewed using 24-hour food recall. Subjects were required to memorize the type and amount of foods and drinks they had consumed for the last 24 hours; and informed them to the interviewer. Food models were used as visual aid for facilitating this procedure. The 24-hour food recall was performed three times; twice on the weekdays and once on the weekend. The 24-hour food recall data were further processed using Food Processor SQL 10.1.1; ESHA, Salem, Oregon to generate detailed nutrient intake information. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to analyze the activity level. This questionnaire calculated the physical activity Metabolic equivalents (METs) value taken for the past week. The physical activity METS were calculated based on the intensity and duration of an activity. METs are described as the amount of oxygen consumed when sitting at rest. Two milliliter of blood samples were collected from each subject after 8 hours of fasting.