None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
The diagnosis of cancer is one of the most distressing and devastating events that may befall woman. It is considered a major stressful event that threats all aspects of woman's life, and can regarded as a challenge to woman’s basic values, beliefs and goals, life functions and threatening their sense of identity. At the time of diagnosis, the patient faces unmet information needs and express the greatest need to speak with someone who has experienced the same disease and already exceeded this crisis. In this study, related information and counselling will be provided to the breast cancer patient with aim to reduce the stress, and promote adjustment and quality of life. Methods: A quasi-experimental with a comparison group will be used. The participants will be 120 breast cancer patients from a separate locations; the intervention group from the National Oncology Center in Sana’a and the control group will be chosen from the National Oncology Center in Aden and Cancer Center in Hadramout. The participants include all women in aged more than 18 years and have newly diagnosed with primary breast cancer (stage I, II and III). The intervention consists of seven sessions that include providing medical information and counselling support and a booklet contains seven messages. The outcomes will be measured at baseline, 2 months and 6 months after baseline test., by using the Perceived Stress Scale to assess the stress degree, Mini-MAC scale to assess mental adjustment to cancer, and EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 questionnaires to assess the quality of life. The magnitude of the dependent and independent variables will be determined, and repeated measurement will be used to assess the effectiveness of intervention over time. Additionally, the Significant predictive will be determined and mediating effect and the effect of of covariate in the changes in outcomes over time will be assessed.
Interventions
The Coping Intervention Module:
Based on the transaction Module of stress and coping theory, the stress arises as a result of an imbalance between demands and resources, and the patient become stressful when demands (pressure) exceeds her resources (her ability) (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). The patient appreciates the stress events, and according to her ability have to use internal resources and external support to cope with stressful events (Friedman. S, 2002). Providing an education and counsell
The Coping Intervention Module: Based on the transaction Module of stress and coping theory, the stress arises as a result of an imbalance between demands and resources, and the patient become stressful when demands (pressure) exceeds her resources (her ability) (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). The patient appreciates the stress events, and according to her ability have to use internal resources and external support to cope with stressful events (Friedman. S, 2002). Providing an education and counselling regarding her illness, can improve the sense of control and her resources (Lyons & Chamberlain, 2006), which, leads to improve her health statue, and quality of life (Coon & Mitterer, 2014). Moreover, the patient at the time of diagnosis, expresses greatest need to speak with woman who has experienced the same disease and already exceeded the crisis and now is leading an ordinary Life (Giese-Davis et al., 2006). The main objective for the intervention is to help woman to adapt with the breast cancer especially with women who are newly diagnosed. Content of the Coping Intervention Module: The intervention in this study will focused on providing education, information, and awareness related to the breast cancer, as well, offering concrete support and counselling. One session will be held weekly. The educational sessions will be held in the first three-consecutive weeks, then counselling sessions will be held in the following 4 consecutive weeks at the hospital during chemotherapy sessions. The total intervention sessions will be 7 sessions (total of 7 weeks): 3 sessions for the health education topics (3 weeks) and 4 sessions for the counselling support topics (4 weeks) + The booklet) will be provided across the sessions. The Health Education: The first axis of intervention is given information by an oncology physician, it consists of 3 sessions, 1 hour for each session weekly in three consecutive weeks, individual one-on-one at the oncology center. The education axis contains related information about cancer, its treatment, adverse effects of treatment, suitable nutrition and important of the physical activity for the breast cancer patients. Counselling support: The second axis is the counselling support, this axis will be performed by a psychologist and a breast cancer survivor. It will carry out in 4 sessions, 1 hour for each session weekly in consecutive weeks, individual one-on-one at the oncology center. It includes problem solving, interpersonal relationships, and emotional and social support. As well, the fourth session will be with the breast cancer survivor, she will discuss her experience and journey with breast cancer. The Booklet: The booklet was designed as a supplement to the sessions, where it addresses seven health messages with Arabic language. The messages were designed according to the breast cancer journey and will be given in parallel with the awareness sessions. In each session, the patient will be given a health message, which will be suitable with the illness phase. These messages include two printed educational messages about the suitable food for the cancer patient, and importance of the physical activity in improve the health status. In addition, five printed educational messages will be given to the patient include "the will is the secret-of-life us, be contented with what God ordains, cancer is not a death sentence, letter to my dear husband, and the new life". This axis will be performed by a breast cancer survivor, because the women at the diagnosis time need to speak with someone who has experienced the same disease and already exceeded this crisis and now is leading an ordinary Life (Giese-Davis et al., 2006).
Sponsors
Prof. Dr: Muhamad Hanafiah Juni
Study design
Allocation
Non-randomised trial
Primary purpose
Educational / counselling / training
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Yemeni citizens. 2. Be diagnosed with breast cancer for the first time. 3. Women who are 18 years or older. 4. Women Diagnosed with Stage I, II or III Breast cancer. 5. Women who undergo chemotherapy for breast cancer after surgery. 6. Score of 13 or less on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) 10 scale, would be considered low stress (Sheldon Cohen, 1988; S Cohen et al., 1983).
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Pregnant woman. 2. Patient has any obstacles to communication. 3. Patients who are planning to receive the treatments out of the targeted cancer facilities. 4. A history of schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder (Huang & Shi, 2016), use of antipsychotics, anxiolytics, or antidepressants or use of a stress management technique.
Outcome results
None listed