How does Diet change with a Diagnosis of Diabetes? The 3D Longitudinal Study.

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Healthy eating can assist people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) to achieve and maintain glycaemic control, thereby lowering their risk of developing diabetes-related complications. A dietary pattern rich in whole-grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts; moderate in alcohol; and low in refined grains, red or processed meats, and sugar-sweetened beverages has been shown to improve glycaemic control in people with T2DM. Consequently, a key feature of international T2DM management recommendations is to eat healthy foods that provide a high-quality diet. People with T2DM have been identified to have low-quality diets, despite recommendations to eat healthy foods. However, it is currently unclear whether people newly diagnosed with T2DM change their diet quality after diagnosis, nor if they maintain positive changes over time. No research has quantitatively explored changes in diet quality after diagnosis, and the factors (demographic, physical and psychosocial) that predict sustained improvements. Therefore, there is no evidence as to whether diet quality remains fixed once an individual is diagnosed with T2DM, or whether there are periods of marked dietary change. There is a clear need to investigate how diet changes over time so targeted strategies can be developed to facilitate improved glycaemic control. Therefore, the aims of the proposed study are to; (i) Describe diet quality changes in the 12 months following T2DM diagnosis. (ii) Identify the demographic, physical and psychosocial predictors of sustained improvements in diet quality defined as an increase in Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score of 3 points.

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