None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
People of Asian descent may be at much greater risk of poor metabolic health and diabetes at a younger age and a lower body weight than Europeans, Maori or Pacific people. The reason why some individuals may be more susceptible than others and what controls their diabetes risk may lie in the storage of body fat. Gaining even small amounts of body weight can lead to the fat ‘spilling over’ from adipose tissue and into important organs such as the pancreas, which in turn may significantly increase risk of disease. T2D is a nutritional disease and is able to be both prevented and treated through better nutrition. Macronutrients such as carbohydrates, lipids and protein can affect T2D biomarkers such as glucose and insulin, as well as the control of body weight. Considering overweight and obesity as the major risk factor for T2D, understanding mechanism that influence appetite control may play a significant role in preventing the onset of T2D. As part of the National Science Challenge, our research team is conducting acute clinical studies to assess if type and dose of macronutrients will affect biomarkers related to diabetes risk as well as those that are related to appetite control. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of dietary macronutrients given in different doses as part of a standardised breakfast drink on markers in your blood that relate to risk of diabetes; Appetite and food intake.
Interventions
This is a cross-over trial with a 7 day washout period where participants were given either a High dose protein drink 380mL with whey protein 50g, Low dose protein drink 380mL with whey protein 12.5g, or 380mL water on each of the 3 visits as their breakfast meal. Ad Lib lunch of pasta and tomato mince sauce were given to participants 4 hours after the breakfast treatment and were asked to eat as much as they can until comfortably full.
Sponsors
University of Auckland Research Office
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Crossover
Primary purpose
Treatment
Masking
Blinded (masking used) (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
• Asian (Ethnic Chinese, incl. mainland China, Singapore, Malaysian, Hong Kong, Taiwan) • Caucasian (Ethnic European) • Female • Aged 18-65 years • BMI 23-40kg/m2 • Increased T2D risk; assessed by (i) glycaemic status as ‘Prediabetic’ with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in the range of 5.6 – 6.9 mmol/L;
Exclusion criteria
• Recent body weight loss/gain >10%, within previous 3 months or taking part in an active diet program. • Low iron status, hence unsuitable for cannulation studies • Current medications for weight loss or other conditions known to affect appetite • Bariatric surgery • Type 2 diabetes, or other significant current disease such as cardiovascular disease or cancer; or digestive disease including inflammatory bowel syndrome/disease (IBS/D), ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease • Depression or any other anxiety disorder known to affect appetite • Dislike or unwilling to consume food items included in the study or hypersensitivities or allergies to these foods (based on Food Preference Questionnaire) • Smokers or ex-smokers who have given up smoking for less than 6 months • Pregnant or breastfeeding women • Unwilling/unable to comply with study protocol
Outcome results
None listed