None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
The overall purpose of the research is to assist people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by investigating if there are better ways of exercising so that diabetes and its complications are managed as best possible. One component of the supervised training that will be used is cycling on a stationary bike as this has shown to help people with diabetes (by lowering their blood sugar readings). The difficulty of the cycling is entirely based on the results of each participant's cycling test and is designed to be at a comfortable level of intensity. Another component of the training is resistance training (gym exercises) and this is also used to help people with T2DM. Both these exercise components are done under the safe supervision of Clinical Exercise Physiologists (CEPs) who will monitor you, your blood pressure and other responses to the exercises. Over the weeks as you get fitter and more confident the cycling will be made more challenging so that you continue to receive the benefits that this exercise has to offer. The main purpose of this research project is to determine which method of making it more challenging is better for people with T2DM. One option is to make the cycling last for a longer duration (known as moderate intensity continuous training [MICT]) or, alternatively, by inserting some bursts of high intensity cycling, followed by recovery period (known as high-intensity interval training [HIIT]). It is hypothesised the combined HIIT would be more effective than combined MICT in reducing glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and improving diabetic complications during a 12-week supervised intervention in men with T2DM.
Interventions
12 week intervention phase (Fully supervised by a clinical exercise physiologist with 15 years experience):
During a 3-week introductory stage for both groups the cardiovascular component will have moderate intensity (50% eWLmax [estimated maximal workload - personalized from a graded exercise test]) cycling of 10 min (flanked by a 2 min warm-up and 3 min cool-down of 40% eWLmax). The 4-week intermediate stage the MICT group will progress by increasing the training duration to 17:30 min (flanked
12 week intervention phase (Fully supervised by a clinical exercise physiologist with 15 years experience): During a 3-week introductory stage for both groups the cardiovascular component will have moderate intensity (50% eWLmax [estimated maximal workload - personalized from a graded exercise test]) cycling of 10 min (flanked by a 2 min warm-up and 3 min cool-down of 40% eWLmax). The 4-week intermediate stage the MICT group will progress by increasing the training duration to 17:30 min (flanked by a 3 min warm-up and cool-down of 40% eWLmax) and increasing the training intensity to 55% eWLmax. During the same intermediate stage the HIIT group will progress by including 3 bouts of 3:30 min duration at 75% eWLmax, interspersed with similar duration recovery bouts at 45% eWLmax (flanked by a 1:30 min warm-up and 2 min cool-down of 30% and 45% eWLmax, respectively). For the final 5-week advanced stage, the 32 min MICT sessions will include a training duration of 26 min at 55% eWLmax (flanked by a 3 min warm-up and cool-down of 40% eWLmax). The advanced HIIT stage will apply one of two 28-min sprint interval training (SIT) variations every alternate session. The first includes twelve 1-min bouts at 95% eWLmax interspersed with 1 min recovery bouts at 40% eWLmax, (flanked by a 2:30 min warm-up and cool-down of 60% and 40% eWLmax, respectively). The second SIT variation included eight 30-sec bouts at 120% eWLmax interspersed with 2:15 min recovery bouts at 30% eWLmax, (flanked by a 2:30 min warm-up and cool-down of 40% and 25% eWLmax, respectively). Immediately after the cardiovascular component a water break and three static stretches (triceps, hamstring and chest) will be performed, totaling 5 min, The resistance training component will contain equal exercises and training variables for both groups and maintained a general strength focus with minimal progression or variation during the study intervention. Four compound exercise (seated low row, horizontal leg press, seated chest press and seated hamstring curls) and abdominal crunches are to be completed by the participants using 2 sets of 15 repetitions at 66% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) during the introductory stage, 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of 1RM during the intermediate stage and 2 sets of 12 repetitions at 75% of 1RM during the advanced stage. All programmes are therefore personalized/progressed and all the one-hour sessions will be conducted individually, during office hours, within a tertiary institution's exercise clinic three times a week for a total of 12 weeks. Adherence to the sessions will be monitored by the lead researcher via a daily attendance and physiological monitoring sheet for all supervised sessions.. 6 month independent training phase On completion of the 12-week exercise intervention phase all participants will be encouraged to maintain their mode of training, independently at an external facility/environment of their choice, for a period of six months.
Sponsors
Shohn Wormgoor
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Parallel
Primary purpose
Treatment
Masking
Open (masking not used)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Male
Age
35 Years to 59 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Male participants having type 2 diabetes with written clearance by their General practitioner for participation in supervised physical activity.
Exclusion criteria
Serious recent cardiac, respiratory or musculoskeletal pathologies, neurological disorders, unstable proliferative retinopathy and/or end-stage renal disease. Due to a weight limitation of the cycle ergometer to be used in training, participants exceeding 170 kg are also excluded.
Outcome results
None listed