None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
This study aims to investigate whether palm oil and cocoa butter that are high in saturated fat, but contains primarily monounsaturated fat in the sn-2 position of triglycerides, have similar effects on blood lipid profiles than monounsaturated fat olive oil in normal healthy Australian participants.
Interventions
Three test fats, palm olein and cocoa butter (high in saturated fatty acids primarily in the sn-1 and sn-3 positions and unsaturated fatty acids primarily in the sn-2 position) and olive oil (high in unsaturated fatty acids primarily in the sn-2 position), will be compared using a 4-week single-blind, randomised 3x3 crossover feeding intervention, separated by 2-week washout periods and a 2-week run in phase, totalling 18 weeks.
For the entire 18 week period, participants will consume a backgro
Three test fats, palm olein and cocoa butter (high in saturated fatty acids primarily in the sn-1 and sn-3 positions and unsaturated fatty acids primarily in the sn-2 position) and olive oil (high in unsaturated fatty acids primarily in the sn-2 position), will be compared using a 4-week single-blind, randomised 3x3 crossover feeding intervention, separated by 2-week washout periods and a 2-week run in phase, totalling 18 weeks. For the entire 18 week period, participants will consume a background diet containing a daily average of 30% of total energy as fat, 15-25% as protein and 45-65% as carbohydrate. During the intervention periods, the test fats of interest will be consumed and account for 20% of the total fat intake. During the run in and washout phases, this 20% test fat will be replaced with premium palm oil (different composition to the test palm oil). All test fats will be supplied as pre-prepared frozen meals and baked biscuits. Participants will attend the clinic at the beginning and end of each 4 week intervention and run-in phase (weeks 0, 2, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18). Dietary intake and test product consumption will be assessed by a simple checklist delivered via an online platform and cross checked by a dietitian at each participant clinic visit. Compliance will be further assessed from plasma fatty acid levels measured in the blood. Body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure and a fasted blood sample (20mL) will be collected at each clinic visit.
Sponsors
CSIRO Food and Nutrition
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Crossover
Primary purpose
Prevention
Masking
Blinded (masking used) (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
20 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Males and females aged 20-40 years; BMI 18.5 to less than or equal to 27.5 kg/m2; Understand study and agree to participate; Adhere closely to the prescribed food consumption as per the research protocol
Exclusion criteria
Abnormal liver function test (elevated alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST)), abnormal kidney function test (elevated plasma creatinine); History of chronic disease - type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancer, atherosclerotic disease, hypertension, stomach ulcers, hypo- or hyper-thyroidism; drug abuse or alcoholism; History of pancreatic insufficiency or other conditions resulting in fat malabsorption - chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, coeliac disease, crohns disease, gastric bypass surgery, small bowel resection; abnormal thyroid function; History of smoking during 6 months prior to study; On lipid/blood pressure lowering medication; Blood pressure >140/90 mmHg; Hyperlipidemia (elevated blood lipids) (fasting total cholesterol > 6.2 mmol/L, triglycerides > 2.0 mmol/L); Extended absences due to travel or other commitments; Known allergy to the test foods; Pregnancy or breastfeeding; Nutritional supplements that may affect the study outcomes; On any weight-loss programs; Females who are on hormone based contraceptives unless stable for at least 3 months prior to study commencement (no changes in type and dose) and have no intention to change during study.
Outcome results
None listed