None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
Elevated oxidative stress, inflammation and alteration in lipid profiles in smokers have been proposed as among the major factors that contribute to the development of smoking-related cardiovascular disease. However, the possible beneficial effect of Tualang honey that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antilipid properties among smokers has yet been reported. The aims of this study, therefore, to determine the effects of Tualang Honey supplementation on oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and lipid profiles in chronic smokers.
Interventions
Tualang honey supplementation 20 g daily orally for 12 weeks.
Honey is in liquid form packed in a sachet (20 g per sachet).
Honey must be taken alone before meal in the morning.
Participants are required to return the empty sachet to ensure or monitor compliance.
Sponsors
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Parallel
Primary purpose
Treatment
Masking
Open (masking not used)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Male
Age
20 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
For Non-smoker group - no history of smoking - no history of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke For smoker group - smoke at least 10 cigarettes/day for more than 5 years or 2.5 pack-years
Exclusion criteria
- Regular consumption of multivitamins and/or dietary supplements 3 months before participation in the study - presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia or cardiovascular diseases - obese (BMI>30kg/m2) - taking alcohol - presence of severe infection
Outcome results
None listed