None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
Given relationships between meal patterns and glucose metabolism, cardiometabolic biomarkers may be beneficially altered by a reduction in energy consumed at the evening meal and increasing that consumed at breakfast. The purpose of the present study is to examine how manipulations to the distribution of energy throughout the day influences blood glucose and insulin metabolism, and appetite control, during periods of prolonged sitting in overweight/obese men and women. This study aims to recruit individuals who are overweight/obese as they are typically those who exhibit tendencies of developing type 2 diabetes and they represent an important target group for evaluating strategies for disease prevention.. It is hypothesised that by increasing the energy intake at the beginning of the day (i.e. a large breakfast) will better distribute the glucose load throughout the day, when not participating in any physical activity (i.e. prolonged sitting).
Interventions
Participants will complete 2 x 36 h periods of activity (using ActivPal monitors) and glucose (using continous blood glucose monitors) monitoring.
Participants will spend one day at the laboratory (between 7.30 am and 7 pm) during each of the 36 h periods.
Prior to the trial day, participants will receive a standardised meal to take home and consume for their last meal of the day, have finger prick blood samples taken, have a continuous blood glucose monitor (CGM) inserted subcutaneously on the
Participants will complete 2 x 36 h periods of activity (using ActivPal monitors) and glucose (using continous blood glucose monitors) monitoring. Participants will spend one day at the laboratory (between 7.30 am and 7 pm) during each of the 36 h periods. Prior to the trial day, participants will receive a standardised meal to take home and consume for their last meal of the day, have finger prick blood samples taken, have a continuous blood glucose monitor (CGM) inserted subcutaneously on their lower back and have an ActivPal activity monitor adhered to their thigh. This appointment will take ~1 h prior to trial day. On a trial day, participants will get a taxi (costs covered by the study) to the laboratory. An indwelling cannula will be inserted into an anticubital vein of the forearm, and the study involves having serial blood measures and answering appetite questionnaires for the duration of a day (8 am to 5 pm) whilst remaining seated. Meals will be provided for breakfast (9am), lunch (1 pm) and dinner (6 pm) to consume at the laboratory. At the end of the trial day, participants will be taxied home, and they will wear the CGM and the Activpal until 8 am the next morning. Trials will be separated by at least a 7 day period. Condition A: Energy intake is distributed with 20% of energy at breakfast, 30% of energy at lunch and 50% of energy at dinner. Condition B: Energy intake is distributed with 50% of energy at breakfast, 30% of energy at lunch and 20% of energy at dinner. For both dietary interventions the macronutrient distribution will be the same (i.e. 50% energy from carbohydrate, 20% energy from protein and 30% energy from fat).. Participants will complete food and activity diaries across the period encompassing the day prior to and the day after each trial day to ensure adherence. Whilst in the laboratory, participants will be monitored by the research staff.
Sponsors
Professor John Hawley
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Crossover
Primary purpose
Prevention
Masking
Open (masking not used)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
40 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Presenting as pre-diabetic - [by having a fasting blood glucose greater than 5.9 mmol/L and/or a 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test blood glucose between 7.8 mmol/L and 11.0 mmol/L] Being overweight or obese - [body mass idex (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m2 and less than 45 kg/m2
Exclusion criteria
Participants will be excluded on the basis of: pregnancy; use of carbohydrate or lipid-lowering medication if it has been commenced within 3 months; bariatric surgery (gastric bypass or banding); employment in a non-sedentary occupation; currently watching less than 3 hours of television or computer use per day; regularly engaged in moderate-intensity exercise for greater than 150 min/week for more than 3 months; major illness/injury (acute or chronic), current smoker or use of nicotine replacement therapy; or physical or major illness/physical problems (acute or chronic) that may limit their ability to participate in the intervention
Outcome results
None listed