The community-based physical activity study for adults with type 2 diabetes, at high risk of Type 2 diabetes or overweight /obese.

The aim of this pilot randomized controlled trial is to develop, implement and evaluate a community-based physical activity intervention to improve aerobic and muscular fitness among adults diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes, at high risk of Type 2 Diabetes or overweight /obese. The 20-week multi-component intervention integrates the outdoor physical environment and smartphone application (App) technology. The intervention components include: 1) Five 90 minute group sessions which includes a 60 minute group outdoor training session with a qualified personal trainer and a 30 minute cognitive mentoring session with a clinical psychologist. Weeks 1 - 10; 1 session every 2 weeks. a) Group outdoor training sessions with a qualified personal trainer: Participants will be educated on and participate in sessions using the outdoor physical environment (e.g. parks, benches) to increase aerobic and resistance training physical activity. The sessions involve 50% of aerobic training and 50% of resistance training [moderate-to-vigorous intensity (equal to or greater than 3 METs)]. b) Cognitive group mentoring sessions with a clinical psychologist: Participants will be educated on strategies to overcome barriers, increase their motivation for and adherence to physical activity. Adherence to sessions will be monitored using a log of session attendance for each session. 2) "eCoFit Smartphone App". Weeks 1 to 20. The App, which will be specifically tailored to the study location, will include: a) A description of where and how to use the outdoor physical environment to be more physically active. It includes pictures and instructions regarding how to use the outdoor physical environment (e.g., park benches) to perform various aerobic and resistance training exercises; b) A standardized “eCoFit Challenge” in locations in the Newcastle Region, which involves a combination of 3km of aerobic activity and 2 sets of 6 resistance training activities. Participants will be able to see a map of the course indicating what activities are performed where and how to perform the exercises correctly on the course. It also has the option to select the level of difficulty (6 levels). The App will track the time it took participants to complete the “eCoFit Challenge” course and provides participants with a results table and progress chart; c) “Indoor Challenges” which are resistance and aerobic training sessions that participants can complete at home with no equipment to provide an option for inclement weather (i.e., rain or heat). d) A function to set weekly physical activity goals and self-monitor their progress; e) “FitMind Challenges” which involve short tasks to increase motivation, overcome barriers and develop positive physical activity behaviours; and f) Links to social media. Participants will have unlimited access to all of App`s features. It is recommended that participants do at least 3 "eCoFit Challenges" per week. The primary and secondary timepoint of the study is 10-weeks and 20-weeks respectively.