Analgesic efficacy of paravertebral dexmedetomidine in children undergoing renal surgery

After induction of anesthesia and before skin incision, for group PD, with the patient in the lateral decubitus position and the operated side facing upwards. Needle insertion will be made at an easily palpated single low thoracic level (Th10–12) lateral to the spinal process. The distance from the midline will be (approximating the distance between the patient’s two adjacent spinous processes). A 22 G Tuohy needle will be inserted perpendicularly to the skin in all planes until contact with the transverse process. The needle will be then advanced under or over the transverse process and after piercing the costo-transverse ligament, the paravertebral space was identified by loss of resistance to air. After careful aspiration, a single bolus dose of 0.5 ml / kg of Bupivacaine 0.25% and 1.5 mic /kg dexmedetomidine will be injected.