Neurofeedback Training in children with dysgraphia

The intervention has been through neurofeedback training. Neurofeedback training (NFT) is a promising alternative or additional treatment without any reported harmful effects. It touches on the self-regulation of ongoing neuronal fluctuations recording by EEG in some frequency bands by an auditory or visual feedback, helping to normalize and/or self-regulate the brain activities. Eligible participants were randomly allocated to one of two groups: experimental group and control group. For both groups: an active scalp electrode, according to the standard 10-20 system, was placed at C3 or C4 channel with the ipsilateral reference and the contralateral ground electrodes on the earlobe. Signals were acquired at 256 Hz, converted by a 14-bit A/D convertor and band-filtered to extract the theta, beta1, and alpha1 components, among others. NFT was conducted over a period of five weeks (three times a week), with each participant receiving fifteen 40-minute training sessions, consisting of 4-6 4-min game periods. For the experimental group the amplitude of theta (represented by size and speed of game) and beta1 and alpha1 (represented by brightness and speed of game) activities was fed back using an audio-visual online feedback loop. We have examined theta/beta1 and theta/alpha1 ratios in 8 normal subjects to compare the experimental group ratios with normal ratios.