A trial of mindfulness meditation to reduce anger and violence in Thai youth, quasi-experimental design

A mindfulness meditation intervention emphasises concentration,is implemented from 9.00 am to 5.00 pm (7 hours) a day for 3 consecutive weeks. Concentration training began with a sitting meditation and follow by a walking meditation. According to sitting mediation, participants sat quietly with eyes closed and placed their attention on breathing either at the tip of the nose or from the diaphragm. The sitting meditation was operated approximately 3 hours (9.00-12.00) in the morning. Next, a walking meditation was used as an alternative to sitting. In walking meditation, participants simply stood, then began to walk at a fairly slow but normal walking pace and in a normal manner. The walking meditation was carried out in the afternoon from 1.30 pm to 5 pm.