None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
Prior to general anaesthesia the standard of care is to pre-oxygenation all patients. This involves the patient breathing 100% oxygen via a face mask. The 3 most common methods of pre oxygenation involve 4 deep breaths over 30 seconds, 8 deep breaths over 60 seconds or 3 minutes of tidal volume breathing (normal breathing) using high flow 100% oxygen (15L per minute via the anaesthesia machine with a face mask). The most common reasons for poor preoxygenation is an inadequate face mask seal resulting in the patient breathing room air (low oxygen content) through the leak. Nasal oxygen and the anaesthesia machine oxygen flush delivery higher flow rates than the standard method by the the anaesthesia machine so may reduce the amount of inspired air from the leak. Study Hypothesis - High flow oxygen with nasal oxygen or anaesthesia machine oxygen flush produces higher end tidal oxygen levels (better pre oxygenation) in the simulated mask leak scenario.
Interventions
Each participants will perform repeated pre oxygenation in a computer generated randomised fashion. With a good mask seal 1. Standard - Anaesthesia machine (15L/min) 2. Standard PLUS nasal prong oxygenation 3. Standard PLUS anaesthesia machine oxygen flush With simulated face mask leak 4. Standard 5. Standard PLUS nasal prong oxygenation 6. Standard PLUS anaesthesia machine oxygen flush Each of these interventions will be assess using deep breathing for 90 seconds and tidal breathing for 3 minutes. The wash out period will be a minimum of 3 minutes and until the end tidal O2 is less than 20%
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
1. Age 18 and over 2. Healthy volunteers
Exclusion criteria
1. Refusal or withdrawal of consent at any stage 2. Pregnancy