None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
Fatty meals can cause damage to the body, known as oxidative damage. They do this by decreasing protective antioxidant levels/activity, through using them up. When this oxidative damage occurs, an inflammatory response can occur, with the release of inflammatory signalling molecules (cytokines). Over time oxidative damage and inflammation can lead to detrimental health effects such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. This current study aims to determine if consumption of an antioxidant containing cocoa drink at the same time as a high fat meal can improve the body's own antioxidant defenses, as well as reduce oxidative damage markers and inflammatory cytokine levels. We anticipated that cocoa consumed at the same time should help to stop the unhealthy effects (eg. lower antioxidants, increased oxidative stress, and higher inflammatory response) caused by a high fat meal.
Interventions
A single Cocoa drink (12g cocoa powder + 16g sugar + 400mL hot water) alone, or on a separate occasion in combination with a high fat meal (50g dehydrated potato + 250mL hot water + 100g butter). Each intervention and control meal (all four - 1=cocoa alone, 2=fatty meal alone, 3=water alone, 4= cocoa drink + fatty meal) was consumed once by each participant (within 15min of baseline blood collection), in a random order, with a minimum of a week washout between meals. This meant each participant
A single Cocoa drink (12g cocoa powder + 16g sugar + 400mL hot water) alone, or on a separate occasion in combination with a high fat meal (50g dehydrated potato + 250mL hot water + 100g butter). Each intervention and control meal (all four - 1=cocoa alone, 2=fatty meal alone, 3=water alone, 4= cocoa drink + fatty meal) was consumed once by each participant (within 15min of baseline blood collection), in a random order, with a minimum of a week washout between meals. This meant each participant was their own control.
Sponsors
Deakin University
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Crossover
Primary purpose
Prevention
Masking
Blinded (masking used)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
young age (18y-35y), good health (no known illnesses that will affect study, healthy BMI, healthy blood pressure, healthy glucose range, healthy for blood biochemistry markers), not taking supplements / antioxidants / drugs that would interfere with study measures, willing to volunteer, willing to undergo blood tests, lack of allergies to test foods, non-elite athlete / not undertaking large amounts of exercise, not pregnant, does not have blood disorders, and has not been diagnosed with any condition that may affect results.
Exclusion criteria
Outside of the target age, poor health parameters (illnesses known to affect the primary measures of the study, BMI outside of the healthy range, high or low blood pressure, blood glucose outside of the healthy range, abnormalities in blood lipid levels), taking supplements / antioxidants (large amounts) / drugs / medications known to alter study measures, allergies to foods in test meals, not willing to undergo blood sampling, elite athlete / undertaking heavy exercise, pregnancy / attempting to become pregnant, have a blood clotting or other blood disorder, or have been diagnosed with a condition known to affect study measurements.
Outcome results
None listed