Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in young men who have sex with men

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Studies indicate that men who have sex with men (MSM) have a high prevalence of anogenital Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and increased risk for HPV related anogenital lesions including anogenital warts, anal intraepithelial neoplasia ( the abnormal proliferation of cells) and anal cancer. Currently in Australia, HPV vaccine for men is not covered by programs. This study will explore the prevalence of persistent HPV infection, distinguishing this from transient HPV infection and sexual behaviours associated with varying prevalence of HPV infection. We will survey 200 MSM aged 16-20 who just started their sexual life. We will use a questionnaire to collect information of socio-demographic characteristics, lifetime sexual experience, recent sexual experience, the most recent sexual contact, STIs/HIV history and testing history, HPV knowledge and attitude, smoking/alcohol/drug/circumcision. We will also collect oral, penile and anal samples as well as blood samples to test for HPV DNA, mRNA and antibody. The study will include four visits in the 12-month period. In each visit, participants will be asked to fill a questionnaire and provide oral, penile and anal samples as well as blood samples. Each participant will receive $25 at each visit as compensation for their time. All participants will be offered free HPV vaccine at the end of the study.