None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
There are a number of dietary approaches, including restriction of total energy or fat, or increasing dietary protein and reducing carbohydrate to try and induce weight loss. Protein is commonly believed to be the most satiating macronutrient, however no studies have investigated the effects of protein in an oral preload on satiety and energy intake, taking into consideration the daily energy requirements of individual subjects. Therefore the purpose of the study is to compare the effects of high-fat, high-carbohydrate and high-protein oral preloads and the effects of increasing amounts of protein in an oral preload on gastrointestinal hormone secretion, appetite and energy intake in lean and overweight subjects.
Interventions
Four preloads will be administered in a single-blind, randomised fashion. All will comprise of varying quantities of conventional pasta, or high-protein pasta ( for the High Protein preload), with a tomato-based (Leggos (Registered Trademark), neopolitana pasta sauce and yoghurt (Yoplait (Registered Trademark) french vanilla dessert. Whey protein isolate (Pure Nutrition Australia) will be used to increase the protein, cream to increase the fat, and sugar and cornflour to increase the carbohydrat
Four preloads will be administered in a single-blind, randomised fashion. All will comprise of varying quantities of conventional pasta, or high-protein pasta ( for the High Protein preload), with a tomato-based (Leggos (Registered Trademark), neopolitana pasta sauce and yoghurt (Yoplait (Registered Trademark) french vanilla dessert. Whey protein isolate (Pure Nutrition Australia) will be used to increase the protein, cream to increase the fat, and sugar and cornflour to increase the carbohydrate content of the different test meals. The high protein preload will contain 89g of protein, 22g of fat and 55g of carbohydrate, the medium protein will contain 55g of protein, 33g of fat and 37g of carbohydrate, the high carbohydrate/low protein meal with contain 12g of protein, 28g of fat and 60g of carbohydrate and the high fat meal will contain 16g of protein, 55g of fat and 30g of carbohydrate. Each subject will consume each of the of the four preloads, once, on four seperate study days (at t=0). They will remain in the department for a further 180 minutes at which point they will be presented with a cold buffet meal (used to determine energy intake). Each study visit will be separated by 3-7days. The buffet meal, used to determine energy intake, will consist of: 4 slices of wholemeal bread (Sunblest (Registered Trademark)) 4 slices of white bread (Sunblest (Registered Trademark)) 100g of deli leg ham (Woolworths) 100g of chicken roll shaved (Woolworths) 4 slices of Coon Tasty (Registered Trademark) cheese slices 100g of tomato 100g continental cucumber 100g iceberg lettuce 600ml of water 300ml of Daily Juice (Registered Trademark) unsweetened orange juice 375ml of Farmers Union (Registered Trademark) iced coffee 200g of Yogo (Registered Trademark) chocolate custard 200g of Yoplait (Registered Trademark) strawberry yoghurt 150g Goulburn Valley (Registered Trademark) fruit salad 1 medium red delicious apple 1 medium banana 25g Flora (Registered Trademark) margarine 25g Masterfoods (Registered Trademark) mayonnaise
Sponsors
A/Prof Christine Feinle-Bisset
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Crossover
Primary purpose
Prevention
Masking
Blinded (masking used)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Male
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Healthy lean and overweight males, who do not exhibit any of the exclusion criteria detailed below
Exclusion criteria
-significant gastrointestinal symptoms, disease or surgery -use of medications which may affect gastrointestinal function, body weight or appetite -gallbladder, pancreatic, cardiovascular or any respiratory diseases -high performance athletes -intake of alcohol of >20g/day -smoking >10 cigarettes/ day -lactose or any other food intolerances -in lean subjects the degree of eating restraint, measured via the restraint component of the Three Factor Eating questionnare will be used as exclusion criteria (subjects with a resraint score >12 will be excluded)
Outcome results
None listed