None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
This study will examine the links between bone structure and metabolism, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and exercise. First, we aim to test the hypothesis that bone is implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM through mechanisms involving osteocalcin (OC) in its uncarboxylated (unc-OC) form. Second, we aim to examine the acute and chronic effects of a novel form of exercise training for people with T2DM, power training, and compare it to aerobic training on osteocalcin-mediated effects on glucose metabolism in females with and without T2DM. Hypotheses Phase One: Bone structural abnormalities are present in patients with T2DM, compared to non-diabetic individuals matched for aged, body mass index (BMI), although bone mineral density (BMD) is high. Phase 2: Acute effects of exercise: In both non-diabetic females and those with T2DM, power exercise will result in greater increases in unc-OC and high molecular weight (HMW)-adiponectin (AN) levels, compared to the acute effects of aerobic exercise. Phase 3 Chronic effects of exercise: In both non-diabetic females and those with T2DM, power training will result in greater improvements in bone structural strength and a shift of bone remodelling balance towards greater formation than for aerobic exercise training.
Interventions
Phase One: cross-sectional comparison between females with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Phase Two: the effects of a single 45 minute exercise session (aerobic or power exercises) on plasma uncarboxylated osteocalcin (unc-OC), adionectine (AN) and c-peptide. Blood samples will be taken before exercise, immediately after and at 0.5, 1, 2, 24 and 48 hours post exercise.
Phase Three: Participants will be randomised to six months of either power training or aerobic training (each se
Phase One: cross-sectional comparison between females with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Phase Two: the effects of a single 45 minute exercise session (aerobic or power exercises) on plasma uncarboxylated osteocalcin (unc-OC), adionectine (AN) and c-peptide. Blood samples will be taken before exercise, immediately after and at 0.5, 1, 2, 24 and 48 hours post exercise. Phase Three: Participants will be randomised to six months of either power training or aerobic training (each session will be 60 minutes, 3 sessions per week) and 12 months of follow-up
Sponsors
Victoria University
Study design
Allocation
Randomised controlled trial
Intervention model
Parallel
Primary purpose
Prevention
Masking
Open (masking not used)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
35 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria for the non-diabetic group: the non-diabetic group will be matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and menopausal status to the diabetic group and will have fasting blood glucose < 5.6 mmol/L. Inclusion criteria for individuals with T2DM: Volunteers with fasting plasma glucose =7.0 mmol/L ("Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus," 2003) and with HbA1C<8% will be included. In addition, volunteers treated with diet alone and/or use stable doses of metformin for at least 3 months will be included.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria for the non-diabetic group. Fasting blood glucose <5.6 mmol/L, or individuals who are unable to exercise. In addition, participants who are already involved in regular vigorous physical training in the preceding 6 months. Exclusion criteria individuals with T2DM. Individuals with unstable T2DM, individuals on sulfonylureas or insulin therapy and individuals who have participated in regular vigorous resistance training in the preceding 6 months will be excluded from the study. Also, patients unable to exercise will be excluded.
Outcome results
None listed