Long-term health effects of high and low carbohydrate diets in obese subjects with the metabolic syndrome

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Obesity is a major health problem, which contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in Australia. Energy restriction and exercise are commonly advocated as lifestyle approaches for the modification of cardiovascular disease risk factors such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. In response to the increasing concerns about the rising level of obesity, there has been a multitude of “fad” diets developed outside the medical and nutritional recommendations for healthy eating and with this an increased popularity of diets very low in carbohydrates. However, due to the scant scientific evidence available for the long-term efficacy and safety of these diets, and their impact on risk factors for cardiovascular disease, cancer, renal function, bone health, psychosocial function and the capacity to undertake concurrent physical activity, there is a lack of evidenced-based public health recommendations and policy regarding these dietary patterns. This study will provide scientific evidence to validate optimum dietary recommendations for weight loss that can be used by health professionals who have a strong need for a rational basis for their advice to counsel obese patients.

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