None listed
Conditions
Brief summary
Aromatherapy essential oils were applied topically over a 28 day period to determine their efficacy in modulating immune alterations, including those associated with smoking; and to determine if they form a safe and well-tolerated treatment.
Interventions
Participants undertook a 4-week period of topical use of an aromatherapy oil mix, followed by a 2 week post-treatment period.
Sponsors
Sharon Kepper Aromatherapy: Fragrantia Investments
Study design
Allocation
Non-randomised trial
Intervention model
Single group
Primary purpose
Treatment
Masking
Open (masking not used)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Male
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Willing to comply with study protocols. The smokers must consume 10 cigarettes per day, and have done so for at least a year. The non-smokers must have never smoked.
Exclusion criteria
Factors resulting in exclusion include: any significant medical problem or chronic illness, including the findings on assessment of:o BMI >30 or <18, o undiagnosed hypertension oro pulse irregularities consistent with pathological cardiac dysrhythmia such as atrial fibrillationHistory of allergies to fragrances, current or recent dermatitis, regular use of medications, vitamin or supplement consumption, alcohol intake of more than 7 standard drinks per week or greater than 4 on heaviest day, high levels of exercise (extreme strenuous exercise for over 60 mins >twice per week) Recreational drug use, any acute illness or infection in the preceding 2 weeks.
Outcome results
None listed